生活情境、歷史記憶與族群認同－臺灣河婆客家移民的遊移身份

目前臺灣的族群分類，並未考慮福佬、客家、外省、原住民四大族群內部的歧異性，均質化造成扞格現象。戰後由廣東省揭陽縣移民臺灣的河婆移民，兼具外省與客家雙重的族群身份，其居住客家地區者因語言的優勢而取得融入在地社會的捷徑；聚居使語言得以保存，擂茶飲食成為日常交流的媒介，宗親會與同鄉會的運作使移民內部更凝聚，而三山古廟的興建與攑王爺儀式，則使分散各地的河婆移民延續原鄉的習俗與強化歷史記憶，而使族群意識更趨於一致。其他外省人因居住在眷村或公教宿舍中，反而較難融入地方社會而自成一格。在族群認同取向上，河婆移民自認為是客家人而非外省人，是大陸人而非臺灣人，其他外省移民則接受以外省人作為族群自稱，兩者之間有相當大的差異。

關鍵字

客家移民；族群認同；歷史記憶；在地化

並列摘要

The predominant system of ethnic classification in Taiwan today consists of four main groups, Fulao, Hakka, mainlanders (waishengren) and indigenous peoples, and ignores internal differentiation within each group. Having immigrated from Jieyang county in Guangdong in the period 1945-1949, the Hepo possess a double identity as both Hakka and mainlanders. Those who settled in Hakka areas found a shortcut to integrate into local society because of their common language and customs. Residential concentration enabled them to preserve their language; their common diet and custom of thinking ＂pounded tea＂ (leicha) served as media for interaction. Clan and territorial associations promoted the internal cohesion of the migrant community. The construction of temples to the cult of the Kings of the Three Mountains and rituals of the Kingly Lord (wangye) encourage the Hepo who have dispersed elsewhere to maintain their traditional customs and strengthen their historical consciousness, further promoting the maintenance of a distinct identity. Other immigrants from the mainland who lived in villages for military dependents (juancun) or in housing for public employees found it more difficult to integrate into local society. The Hepo see themselves as Hakka rather than mainlanders, but also as mainlanders rather than as Taiwanese. Their self identity is thus profoundly different from other mainlanders, for whom migration from the mainland is constitutive of ethnic identity.

並列關鍵字

Hakka immigrants ； ethnic group identification ； historical memory ； localization

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生活情境、歷史記憶與族群認同－臺灣河婆客家移民的遊移身份

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