移建文昌宮－清代雲南東川府的景觀再造與空間爭奪

Reshaping Landscape and Contesting Space: The Relocation of the Wenchang Temple of Dongchuan Prefecture, Yunnan in the Eighteenth Century

黃菲(Fei Huang)

《歷史人類學學刊》 11卷1期 (2013/04) Pp. 115-141

摘要

作為較晚納入帝國體系的土著聚居區之一，雲南東川府在清初經歷重要轉變。清帝國強制推行改土歸流後，原有的景觀格局被自詞代表帝國的地方官員和文人菁英改寫。不過，在各方群體和族群的互動中，新舊景觀和信仰空間之間往往彼此交送，呈現出相互競爭的空間詮釋。本文以清代東川府移建文昌宮為例，展現地方文運建築如何被各類群體再造的歷史過程。這類全新的禮儀空間和景觀被官方菁英修建者們建造，但生活在其中的各方人群因其各異的社會經濟背景，對地方景觀與信念空間保有各自的日常經驗與歷史記憶。進而呈現在官方菁英版本之外，清代東川府中各方在地群體對地方景觀與信念空間的不同解讀與形塑過程。

關鍵字

東川府 ； 文昌宮 ； 改土歸流 ； 景觀

並列摘要

The physical landscape of Dongchuan prefecture in Yunnan province was transformed as the region was incorporated into the Qing empire. After administrative regularization (＂gaitu guiliu＂) ended the power of indigenous chiefs, the landscape was remade by local officials and elites who saw themselves as acting on behalf of the Qing state. Old and new understandings of landscape and ritual space co- existed and contended. This article analyzes the relocation of the Wenchang temple in Dongchuan Prefecture in the eighteenth century as a case study of a historical process in which physical structures associated with local scholarship and literati culture interacted with social reproduction of different groups. New ritual spaces and landscapes were constructed by officials, but they were understood, represented and remembered in different ways by different local social groups according to their own socio- economic situation. Official and elite representations were not simply accepted universally. Rather, different groups in local society in Qing Dongchuan developed their own differentiated interpretations of the local landscape and ritual space.

並列關鍵字

Dongchuan prefecture ； Wenchang Temple ； administrative regularization (＂gaitu guiliu＂) ； landscape