從歷史敘事反觀敘事者及其社會－以一個「湘南暴動者」的故事為例

Understanding Narrators and Their Societies through the Study of Their Historical Narratives: A Case Study of Stories about a Participant in the Autumn Harvest Uprising

譚同學(Tong-Xue Tan)

《歷史人類學學刊》 12卷2期 (2014/10) Pp. 111-131

摘要

1949年前，「湘南暴動者」李宗保的故事被敘述為三個版本：「暴徒」、「土匪」變為「識時務者」後又變成國民黨當局的「叛徒」；「革命者」變為「革命叛徒」；「勞苦者」，「打抱不平」為維護宗親利益與當局妥協，最終被妻子借政治鬥爭謀殺。1949年後，第二種說法成為主導性敘事。1980年代後，官方視其為身份曖昧的「地方名人」。1990年代中期後，村民趨向弱化其政治色彩，而突出敘述其個人能力及核心家庭狀況。透過這些故事版本的差異，國家政治話語與鄉村社會道德話語間的差別以及鄉村社會轉型的過程，得以呈現出來。同時，這種敘事差異也說明，從歷史敘事反觀敘事者及其社會，或可成為一種歷史人類學的微觀研究進路。

關鍵字

歷史敘事 ； 敘事版本 ； 敘事者 ； 社會情境

並列摘要

Three very different versions of the story of Li Zongbao, a participant in the Southern Hunan (Xiangnan) uprising of 1928, circulated in the years before 1949. In the first, he was a thug and a bandit who awakened to an understanding of his times, but who later became a Kuo Min Tang (KMT) turncoat. In the second, he was a revolutionary who ultimately betrayed the revolution. In the third, he was a poor man who fought injustice, but who ultimately compromised with the KMT in order to protect his family and his community, and was murdered by his wife under the pretext of political struggle. The second version dominated after 1949. After 1980, local authorities in his home region began to treat Li as a prominent local figure even though his political status remained ambiguous. In local rural society starting in the mid 1990s, the political elements of Li's story were de- emphasized, replaced by a focus on his personal abilities and the situation of his nuclear family. Differences between official state political discourse and the moral discourses of rural society in the reform era are thus reflected in these different perspectives. Studying narratives, the people who tell them, and the societies they inhabit through examination of different versions of a historical narrative can be a productive approach for micro-research in historical anthropology.

並列關鍵字

historical narrative ； versions of narrative ； narrator ； social context