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《客家社會生活對話》中「到_3」、「到_5」功能的重疊及其與臺灣客語的比較

The Functional Overlap of taò and taó in Conversations Chinoises Prises sur le Vif avec Notes Grammaticales: Langage Hac-Ka and a Comparison with Taiwan Hakka

摘要


本文從「到_3」用法較為多元的《客家社會生活對話》語料出發,探討前賢學者已經有所著墨的「到_3」、「到_5」功能的重疊與分工,並且較詳細的描寫臺灣客家話相關用法的情況。文中一一探討這些成分作為帶趨向終點的動後成分、動相補語、傀儡可能補語、完成體標記、持續體標記及狀態或程度補語標記的用法。在此基礎上,本文探討兩個相關的問題:一是「到_3」的本字問題,二是「V到_3來」與「V到_5來/去」的語法、語義性質。

關鍵字

客語 補語 體標記 傳教士文獻

並列摘要


Based on data from Conversations Chinoises Prises sur le Vif avec Notes Grammaticales: Langage Hac-Ka, of which the postverbal taò has quite diverse usages, this article discusses the parallel and distinguishing functions of taò and taó, which have been explored by some accomplished scholars previously; furthermore, the related usages of taò and taó in Taiwan Hakka are discussed and compared thoroughly as well. The functions of postverbal goal marker, phase marker, dummy potential complement, perfective marker, durative marker and manner or degree complement marker, which taò and taó can act as, are discussed respectively in this article. In addition, there are also some notes on two related issues: the etymology of taò, and the syntactic and semantic characters of 'V taò loi2' and 'V taó loi2 /hi5'.

參考文獻


李詩敏、賴惠玲(2011)。臺灣客語表完成貌與持續貌「著」之探討─詞彙語意與構式互動的觀點。漢學研究。29(3),191-228。
北京大學中國語文學系語言學教研室編(2003)。漢語方音字匯。北京:語文出版社。
江敏華(2003)。客贛方言關係研究(博士論文)。臺灣大學中國文學系。
江敏華(2007)。東勢客家話的動補結構初探。中國語言學報。35(2),225-266。
江敏華(2016)。臺灣海陸客家話處所介詞「TU5」的用法及來源─兼論持續體標記「TEN3」的來源。Bulletin of Chinese Linguistics。9,95-120。

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