學前與中小學教師工作－家庭衝突、工作－家庭互利、工作滿意、家庭生活滿意對身體健康狀況與快樂感之影響

Effects of Work and Family Conditions on the Physical and Mental Health of Preschool, Elementary, and High-School Teachers

高碩亨(Shuo-Heng Gao) ； 張明麗(Ming-Li Chang) ； 胡家珮(Jia-Pei Hu)

《臺北市立大學學報.教育類》 50卷2期 (2019/12) Pp. 33-57

https://doi.org/10.6336/JUTEE.201912_50(2).0002

摘要

工作滿意、家庭生活滿意、身體健康狀況與快樂感是工作與家庭研究中的重要議題。同時，工作－家庭衝突與工作－家庭互利，是影響工作與家庭平衡的關鍵因素。在所有職業中，學前與中小學教師以身教作為學生楷模，其工作特性使教師的身心狀況較其他職業更需關注。有鑑於此，本研究根據相關文獻建立影響模式，並以工作－家庭衝突、工作－家庭互利作為第一層中介變項，工作滿意與家庭生活滿意作為第二層中介變項，探究我國學前與中小學教師在此模式中，對身體健康狀況與快樂感之影響，並與其他職業進行比較。本研究以臺灣社會變遷基本調查，2011年第六期第二次家庭組，1,269位21至84歲已婚在職民眾，以學前與中小學教師為對照組，利用線性迴歸模型進行分析。研究結果顯示：學前與中小學教師比其他職業擁有更高的工作－家庭互利，而家庭生活滿意較佳，其身體健康狀況較其他職業好；此外，也因為比部分職業擁有較高的工作－家庭互利，因此工作滿意與家庭生活滿意也較高，雖學前與中小學教師的工作－家庭衝突亦比多數職業多，但整體而論，仍擁有較高的快樂感。

關鍵字

學前與中小學教師 ； 工作－家庭衝突 ； 工作－家庭互利 ； 身體健康狀況 ； 快樂感

並列摘要

Job satisfaction, family-life satisfaction, physical health conditions, and happiness are important topics in work and family studies. Compared to other occupations, preschool, elementary, and high-school teachers are role models for their students and the nature of their work necessitates greater attention to their physical and mental health (including physical health conditions and happiness). At the same time, as work-family conflict and facilitation are key factors affecting work-family balance, whether teachers achieve a balance between work and family has a determinative implication. Regarding this, the present study constructed an effects model on the basis of related literature, and took work-family conflict and work-family facilitation as the first layer of mediating variables and job satisfaction and family-life satisfaction as the second layer of mediating variables. In this model, the study attempts to investigate the effects that work and family conditions have on the physical health conditions and happiness of Taiwan's preschool, elementary, and high-school teachers. The results were compared with other occupations. This study took 1,296 married people aged between 21 and 84 who are currently employed in the 2011 Taiwan Social Change Survey (Round 6, Year 2), which comprised family as its subjects and with preschool, elementary, and high-school teachers as part of the control group. An analysis using the linear regression model was performed. The research results show that preschool, elementary, and high-school teachers, compared to people in other occupations, had higher work-family facilitation and greater family-life satisfaction, and thus, better physical health. With respect to happiness, as they had higher work-family facilitation, job satisfaction, and family-life satisfaction than people in some other occupations, they enjoyed greater happiness on the whole despite having greater work-family conflicts than those in most other occupations.

並列關鍵字

preschool, elementary, and high-school teachers ； work-family conflict ； work-family facilitation ； physical health conditions ； happiness

參考文獻

林慧敏、黃毅志（2016）。臺灣中小學教師工作滿意度之研究—與其他職業做比較。當代教育研究季刊，24(3)，29-64。doi:10.6151/CERQ.2016.2403.02 [Lin, H.-M. & Hwang, Y.-J. (2016). A study of job satisfaction of elementary/secondary school teachers in Taiwan-Comparison with other occupations. Contemporary Educational Research Quarterly, 24(3), 29-64. doi:10.6151/CERQ.2016.2403.02]

邱惠娟、童心怡（2010）。教師幸福感內涵之探究。 學校行政，67，168-180。doi:10.6423/HHHC.201005.0168 [Chiu, H.-C., & Tung, H.-Y. (2010). A study on the contents of teachers’ wellbeing. School Administrators, 67, 168-180. doi:10.6423/HHHC.201005.0168]

周麗端（2012）。雙工作家庭的生活滿意：工作—家庭衝突與互利的影響。中華心理衛生學刊，25，377-418。doi:10.30074/FJMH.201209_25(3).0003 [Chou, L.-T. (2012). Life satisfaction of dual-income families: The effect of work-family conflict and facilitation. Formosa Journal of Mental Health, 25, 377-418. doi:10.30074/FJMH.201209_25(3).0003]

柯澍馨、簡聿悊（2011）。國中教師工作壓力、家庭壓力與生活品質之研究。學校行政，75，64-82。doi:10.6423/HHHC.201109.0064[Ko, S.-H., & Chien Y.-C. (2011). A study on the teacher work stress, family stress, and quality of life for junior high school teachers. School Administrators, 75, 64-82. doi:10.6423/HHHC.201109.0064]

徐于蓁、葉秀珍（2015）。工作與家庭衝突對生活福祉之影響：性別差異的檢視。 人口學刊，51，1-42。doi:10.6191/JPS.2015.51.01 [Hsu, Y.-C., & Yeh, H.-J. (2015). The effects of work-family conflict on well-being: Does gender matter? Journal of Population Studies, 51, 1-42. doi:10.6191/JPS.2015.51.01]