社會網絡對經濟弱勢者就業之影響

The Effect of Social Networks on Employment of the Economically Disadvantaged Population

李靜玲(Ching-Ling Li) ； 鄭麗珍(Li-Chen Cheng) ； 陳毓文(Yu-Wen Chen)

《財務社會工作與貧窮研究學刊》 2卷1期 (2019/04) Pp. 1-37

摘要

協助經濟弱勢投入就業以利改善經濟狀況的概念，是社會工作濟貧服務的工作目標。台灣的社會救助體制一直都將工作能力視為低收入資格審查的要件之一，不僅是對「工作價值」的重視，亦希望能夠實質幫助低收入／中低收入家戶有工作能力者投入就業，藉由就業收入脫離貧窮。從相關統計數據及過去研究可知，儘管經濟弱勢者在尋職時常遭遇一些限制和阻礙，然而仍有相當比例之有工作能力者投入就業市場，故協助他們投入就業市場的助力是值得了解的議題。本研究遂基於社會網絡中強連帶與弱連帶對於經濟弱勢者就業影響的理論基礎，透過分析「台灣社會變遷調查」資料庫中相關概念，以檢視強連帶和弱連帶對於經濟弱勢者就業經驗之影響。本研究發現：（1）性別、婚姻狀態、教育程度、依賴人口以及個人社會網絡與就業與否有關，（2）以多元邏輯斯蒂迴歸分析後顯示，性別、教育程度和社會網絡中的弱連帶對於就業與否具有解釋力：男性、擁有高中職及大專以上學歷者、以及其弱連帶愈強者，則就業的可能性就愈大，且是否具有經濟弱勢身分對就業與否並未具有解釋力。本研究再一次驗證了人力資本的重要性，不論是否具有經濟弱勢身分，缺乏高中以上的學歷確實是投入就業市場的一大阻力；而社會網絡中的弱連帶相較於強連帶，對於就業更是重要，因此協助拓展個人人際網絡以強化弱連帶，應可做為未來協助經濟弱勢者就業的策略之一。

關鍵字

經濟弱勢 ； 就業 ； 社會網絡 ； 弱連帶 ； 強連帶

並列摘要

Assisting people with low-income find employment in order to improve their economic conditions is the foundation of social work poverty service. The Public Assistance System in Taiwan considers working ability as one of the requirements for low-income household qualifications. Not only does it regard ＂working value＂ as important, but is also aimed to help the people in low-income and middle-low-income households who have working ability actually get into employment. Statistical data and past research demonstrates that the economically disadvantaged have encountered many obstacles when trying to enter the job market. However, a considerable proportion of low-income individuals with working ability are able to obtain employment. This research will explore the weak ties, strong ties and other factors that can help them get jobs under these vulnerable conditions. This research data is based on the Taiwan Social Change Survey: Social Stratification in 2007. The analysis revealed two sets of results. First, gender, marital status, education, dependent families, and social network have correlations with low-income individuals to find employment. Second, with logistic regression analysis, gender, education and social network have explanatory on employment or not. That is, men with at least a senior high school education, and with weak-tie, have greater job opportunities. This research illustrates that future service programs might focus on the training of human capital and the expansion of social network.

並列關鍵字

economically disadvantaged ； employment ； social network ； weak tie ； strong tie