瑜伽與道教修煉功法之研究

A Study of Practicing Techniques of Yoga and Taoism

羅涼萍(Liang-Ping Lo)

《玄奘人文學報》 9期 (2009/07) Pp. 139-173

https://doi.org/10.29956/HCHJ.200907.0006

摘要

瑜伽的修煉法與道教的養生功法，是印度與中國文化的經驗與智慧。而因應各個派別所著重的重點之不同，其方法與內容顯的多樣與豐富。目前社會上對於瑜伽和道教的養生功法，主要著重於對身體的保健功效。在缺少運動及繁忙的工作壓力之下，瑜伽或是道教修煉功法是現代人做爲舒展筋骨、釋放壓力、瘦身保健的方法。
一般學者對於瑜伽或道教養生的研究，主要是針對一部經典或是一個派別的修煉方法之探討，尚未全面性的進行瑜伽與道教養生在理論與實踐方面課題的研究。本文以瑜伽的修煉法與道教的養生功法作爲研究的主題，首先將分別對瑜伽的修煉法與道教的養生功法之理論與實踐做基礎性的研究，尤其在於修煉目的與方法的基本概念上分別探討其重要思想的內容與特色。
本文嘗試以比較宗教學的平行研究方法，試圖探討瑜伽修煉法與道教養生功法的方法與目的之共通點與相異處。全文主要分爲下列五個段落：
一、前言：說明研究動機與目的。
二、瑜伽的修煉法則與功法：探討瑜伽的八支功法、體位法、呼吸法、冥想法、飲食法。
三、道教的養生法則與功法：探討道教的內外雙修、導引、行氣、存思、辟穀。
四、瑜伽修煉與道教養生之異同：比較瑜伽與道教修煉功法目的與方法之異同。
五、結論：歸納出瑜伽修煉法與道教養生功法的共通點與相異處。

關鍵字

瑜伽 ； 道教養生 ； 經脈 ； 氣輪 ； 三摩地 ； 形神相合

並列摘要

The skills of Yoga performance and the Taoist techniques of cultivating the life are the presentation of the experience and wisdom of Indian and Chinese cultures. Due to the different emphases laid on by diverse factions, their methods and contents appear various and plentiful. People pay attention to the effect of health care mostly on talking about Yoga and Taoist practicing techniques. As result of lacking exercise and working pressure, the techniques mentioned above have become the means of stretching limbs, releasing pressure and sliming care for the modern people.
Scholars generally laid the stress on a certain scripture or faction when they studied the techniques of Yoga and those of Taoist cultivation of life. The studies of related theories and practicing skills haven’t been wholly made. This article makes a basic research on the theories and practices of Yoga performance and Taoist techniques of cultivating the life separately, particularly on the contents and characteristics of the fundamental concept of practicing purpose and method.
The paper tries to discuss simultaneously the similarities and differences between Yoga performance and Taoist techniques of cultivating the life through the perspective of comparative religion. It contains five paragraphs:
A. Introduction: explains the researching motive and aim.
B. Rules and techniques of Yoga performance: explores the eight techniques of Ashtanga Yoga, Asana (posture), Pranayama (breath control), Dhyana (meditation), and dietary.
C. Rules and techniques of Taoist cultivation of life: probes into the practice with both internal and external alchemy, Daoyin (conducting the movement of body and limbs), Xingqi (conducting the air inside of the body), Cunsi (meditating), and Bigu (avoiding grains).
D. Similarities and differences between Yoga performance and Taoist techniques of cultivating the life: compares the purpose and method of Yoga performance with the ones of Taoist practice.
E. Conclusion.

並列關鍵字

Yoga ； Taoist Cultivation of Life ； Jingmai ； Cakra ； Samadhi ； Combination of shape and spirit