各國長期照護之探討

Analysis of Willingness to Attend the 4-year Bachelor Program in Healthcare Administration in Vocational Education System

李榮輝 ； 林愛貞 ； 黃育玄 ； 曾貴英 ； 洪信嘉 ； Shu-Hsing Yeh ； Hung-Fu Tseng ； Tai-Ping Kuo

《福爾摩莎醫務管理雜誌》 1卷2期 (2005/12) Pp. 134-144

https://doi.org/10.6771/FJHA.200512.0134

摘要

隨著全球人口高齡化的快速發展，如何改善老年人長期照護的生活品質，正逐漸成為各國間普遍關注的問題。台灣人口結構自民國82年即邁向WHO定義65歲以上人口大於7%的「老人國」，90年老年人口增加至8.4%，預計在2005年將成長至12%。依據經建會粗估台灣現有30萬65歲以上的老人需要長期照護，非老人的中度障礙約10萬人，合計40萬人需要長期照護。隨著各國的人口高齡化的趨勢，長期照護服務的需求則是必要的。而何謂長期照護呢？依Kane的說法，為缺乏自我照顧能力的人提供服務，通常是持續一段長時問。Weisserty則認為長期照護是對罹患慢性疾病身心障礙者，提供診斷、預防、治療、復健、支持性及維護性的服務。所以長期照護不僅具有連續性照護的概念，亦是跨越醫療與社會服務領域的照護。由於社會人口的急遽變遷及目前市場的需求，長期照護機構在台灣正如雨後春筍般設立，完全是以市場為導向，並沒有完善的管理制度，就長期照護而言可能面臨無法永續經營的命運。本組於密西根大學所研習的長期照護政策課程為主體，其中包括美國長期照護政策，及其他各國長期照護政策簡介與特色，另外再參考台灣長期照護的現況作分析。台灣醫療界目前一也已推動長期照護為政策，將來可結合東西方國家的優點，在推動長期照護方面能迎頭趕上其他國家的水準，讓我國的老年人真正享有高品質、有尊嚴、無後顧之憂的老年生活，以達「老吾老以及人之老」的境界。

關鍵字

長期照護 ； 老人 ； 連續性照護 ； 生活品質

並列摘要

As the changes in healthcare environment and evolution of education policy, many vocational colleges in Taiwan have created 4-year Bachelor programs majoring in healthcare administration since 1998. However, the student sources and their willingness of attending these programs need to be carefully evaluated. Methods: We conducted a survey regarding the willingness of attending healthcare administration programs among the senior students in nursing and business vocational high schools. The current situation was also analyzed to provide references in allocating education resources and modifying admission strategies. Results: The results showed that the 6- year average attending rate was 92.3% for full-time program and 91.8% for part-time program. Some schools have experienced the needs for second-admission process. The willingness of attending healthcare administration was generally low among students in this study, with overall willingness of only 34.1%, and 17.4% and 50.4% among business and nursing students, respectively. The major reasons of no willingness included no interest, different from current major, and lack of understanding of this program. Types of school, sex, ever heard of this program, and family living pattern would affect the willingness of attending. The admission activities, brochures, and television advertising campaigns were the major sources of obtaining information. Conclusions: We suggested that each school could (1) modify the allocation of admission numbers and categories; (2) improve the popularity of its program through various channels; and (3) provide opportunity of reselecting majors or changing learning fields for students. Every healthcare administration program in vocational education system should also reconsider its position and distinctiveness and arrange suitable courses both for healthcare industries and for students.

並列關鍵字

healthcare administration education ； business vocational high-school students ； nursing vocational high-school students