美麗境界－博物館與精神障礙者互動之角色與功能

近年來，如何運用博物館豐富的資源關懷身心障礙團體、挑戰社會對身心障礙者的歧視，並拓展弱勢團體的社會及文化參與權，已逐漸受到博物館社群的重視。目前臺灣相關的特展與教育活動仍以視障者為主要對象，對於人數日益增加的精神障礙者，仍缺乏具體的實踐與合作模式。到底，博物館要如何關懷精神障礙者的需求，其角色與功能為何？而精神障礙者參觀博物館的經驗與需求為何？本文透過文獻回顧，指出博物館除了提供豐富的資源與休閒環境、拓展社交與生活空間外，也能透過展覽挑戰歧視與污名，賦權精神障礙團體發聲並展現其創意。其次，本研究也與精神醫療復健機構合作，規劃精神障礙者參觀博物館，並透過焦點團體訪談，深入瞭解精神障礙者參觀博物館的經驗、詮釋與需求。研究發現，欣賞討論藝術作品得以連結他們的生活經驗並投射內心的慾望，而互動方式直接的參與性作品最能激發反應與互動經驗。綜合參觀心得發現，清楚的指標、飲水機、語音導覽及休息座椅的提供，最受精神障礙觀眾所重視；若能安排專屬的參觀時段，應能促進參觀意願並降低參觀人潮所帶來的壓力。另外，博物館如能規劃難易適中的藝術工作坊、出版與展覽他們的心路歷程與成就，對於陶冶心靈及去污名化將有所助益。

關鍵字

博物館與精神障礙；社會參與平等；觀眾研究；博物館經驗

並列摘要

In recent years, more and more museum professionals have come to believe that it is important to allocate museum resources to the disabled and to expand the cultural rights and social inclusion of disadvantaged groups. In Taiwan, the target audiences for specialneeds exhibitions and educational programs are mainly people with visual or hearing loss. Museums lack experience when it comes to interacting with the growing population of people with mental illness. The aims of this study are to investigate the role of the museum in the interaction with people with mental illness and to determine the museum experiences and needs of visitors with mental illness. From a review of the literature, it was found that the museum not only provides a place for social activities and entertainment, but also helps to challenge social stigma and prejudice through exhibitions that allow people with mental illness to share their experiences and display their artworks. Based on these results, the investigators collaborated with medical professionals to plan museum visits by people with mental illness. From observation and focus interviews, visitors with mental illness appreciate artworks that relate to their life experiences and desires. In addition, interactive displays inspire the greatest response. In terms of the physical environment, what visitors with mental illness need most are clear signs for orientation, drinking fountains and comfortable chairs. They enjoy DIY workshops and hope that museums plan more exhibitions that focus on their experiences and achievements. Such exhibitions will encourage repeat visits, increase their confidence and help them to face social stigma.