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  • 學位論文

以現值觀點探討線性需求的最佳採購策略

Considering A Linear Demand for Optimal Ordering Policies Under Present Value Perspective

指導教授 : 林賜德
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摘要


在存貨管理的研究領域中,傳統的economic order quantity (EOQ)經濟訂購量模式已被不斷地發展及應用。然而,由Harris(1915)所發表之傳統經濟訂購批量模式,在實際運用上並未考量商品的儲存成本及損耗特性,因此,較不易有效地應用在現實多變的情況中。 此外傳統研究此經濟訂購量模式時,多數是將市場需求率視為固定常數,惟在現實經營中,市場需求易受其他因素的影響而有波動,故本研究則依需求在線性變動函數之下,所發展出考慮商品儲存成本、訂購固定作業成本及購置商品成本,與損耗性隨存貨水準為變數的EOQ模型,進而推演出成本最佳(小)化之存貨模式。 本研究以最小成本的角度, 分成兩個模型探討最佳(小)成本,一為單位時間之成本,二為利用總成本之現值為最小時之週期時間及訂購量。模型I : 採購固定作業成本+採購商品成本+商品儲存成本,以單位時間探討; 模型II:採購固定作業成本+採購商品成本+商品儲存成本,以現值觀點探討。在設定各相關成本項目並經數理分析後,得證各模型目標函數的最小成本是存在的,並分別求得最佳訂購量及訂購週期,可協助企業建置一套符合最小成本的存貨管理系統,並且提供採購人員進行物料規劃與管控之輔助工具;及協助營業人員作為接單與交期承諾之依據,進而提升顧客服務水準;同時也提供財務人員對成本管控及資金運用之參考。

並列摘要


In the research field of inventory management, the traditional economic order quantity (EOQ) has been developed and applied continuously. However, the traditional economic order quantity model published by Harris(1915), which didn’t consider the storage cost and the deterioration of the merchandise; therefore in reality the model can’t be applied efficiently. In addition, the traditional research on the EOQ model, most of the market demand rate is considered as a constant. However, market demand may fluctuate and can be impacted by many factors. This study is based on the assumption of linear demand function condition, and considering the storage cost; commodity cost; handling cost for ordering, furthermore the deterioration of merchandise as the variables to develop the EOQ model, then to deduce the optimal (minimum) cost of inventory models. Two models were constructed in this research from the viewpoint of minimizing the costs; one is the cost of unit time; the other is to use the minimizing present value of total cost for the optimal cycle time and order quantity. Model I: Including storage cost; commodity cost; handling cost for ordering under unit time. Model II: Including storage cost; commodity cost; handling cost for ordering under present value view. In setting the relevant cost in the objective of project, then through mathematical analysis to prove that the minimum cost function of each model do exist. And to find the optimal ordering cycle time, optimal order quantity to assist enterprises to deploy the inventory system with the minimum cost; Meanwhile, to be the reference tools of material planning and control for Purchasing, and assist sales staff to approach the order and comply with customer delivery commitment, it helps to enhance the relationship with customers; provide financial department for cost and capital management reference.

參考文獻


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