親密伴侶跟蹤之研究:受暴婦女的因應與回應方式

本研究主要目的為：收集、分析受暴婦女親密關係跟蹤事件的經驗，並加以了解親密伴侶跟蹤對受暴婦女的影響與回應方式，藉此提供實務單位有關受暴婦女被跟蹤經驗與回應方式，據以擬定相關政策與服務。因此，文獻探討首要先了解跟蹤的定義、跟蹤的手法和伴侶跟蹤與一般跟蹤不同之處；第二節再透過相關理論來引導與建立跟蹤議題的架構，包含跟蹤者與被害人兩部份；第三節為跟蹤造成受暴婦女於心理、生理和跟蹤創傷症候群等傷害，同時跟蹤也導致受暴婦女在就業、社會互動和生活改變與意義等方面有重大的影響。最後，再瞭解受暴婦女如何透過情緒管理、安全策略、求助正式和非正式體系等來回應伴侶跟蹤，而正式體系又給予受暴婦女何種協助。研究者共訪得九位受訪者，經研究分析後，發現跟蹤有直接與間接跟蹤兩種，且跟蹤造成受暴婦女在生、心理與一些生命經驗有關的創傷(跟蹤壓力症候群、喪失對生活的控制力與預測力和厭世)外，連帶也影響受暴婦女在就業經濟上、與小孩、家人朋友等互動和社會孤立外，還有對人失去信任、失去安全感和生活意義。因此，受暴婦女透過自身因應計畫(情緒管理和安全策略)和求助他人(正式和非正式資源)兩種方式來減緩跟蹤所造成的傷害。然而，當因應策略無效或在回應過程中遭遇困難時，便無法有效遏止跟蹤行為；另一方面，受暴婦女有效的求助方式可以減緩跟蹤所帶來的傷害。有鑑於此，本研究發現出伴侶跟蹤的論點與建議，茲就分述如下：一、跟蹤是一種以愛為名的控制與暴力手段，且伴侶跟蹤與脈絡影響受暴婦女覺察跟蹤和認定跟蹤行為嚴重與否，再加上伴侶跟蹤造成婦女各方面相當多的損失，尤其是心理層面。二、受暴婦女會使用多種方法來因應跟蹤，然後因應策略會隨跟蹤方法改變。受暴婦女會先採取自身回應伴侶跟蹤的方式來減緩跟蹤帶來的衝擊，並與回應一般跟蹤方式無異。三、非正式資源的支持可減少跟蹤對於受暴婦女的影響。受暴婦女的家人朋友、鄰居除了提供心理與精神層面支持外，也可以多加注意受暴婦女周圍環境的安全。另一方面，受暴婦女的職場主管與同事除了情緒支持外，職場也需提供健全的安全措施與福利措施。四、正式資源在處理跟蹤的態度，會影響受暴婦女再求助的意願與信任感，而社工人員、警察與和司法對跟蹤議題有不同敏感度與建議，建議宜透過教育訓練，且對各種反跟蹤的方法、法律皆有一定程度的瞭解與保持高度警覺性，以對遭伴侶跟蹤的受暴婦女的處遇與人身安全有一完整的評估計畫。五、本研究也提出受暴婦女如何蒐集證據、防止網路跟蹤和保護自身安全等建議，以提供相關單位與受暴婦女增強自身因應策略。另一方面，政府單位應重視跟蹤的重要性，應設立跟蹤相關專責法源與反跟蹤資源中心。

關鍵字

親密伴侶；跟蹤；受暴婦女

並列摘要

The aims of this study are to collect and analyze the experiences of battered women’s intimate partner stalking, including the impacts of the stalking on them and their responds to the stalking, and to provide practical experiences and responses for the government to regulate relevant policies and services for battered women who are being stalking. Therefore, our literature review in this study is primary to understand the definition of stalking, stalking tactics and the differences between intimate partner stalking and non-partner stalking; the second chapter focuses on building and leading the framework of this issue through related theories, which contains stalker and victims; the third chapter discusses the psychological, physiological and stalking trauma syndrome effects on battered women. Besides, stalking also influences battered women on employment, social interaction and other aspects such as life meanings and changes. Finally, understand how battered women react to intimate partner stalking through emotional management, security tactics, and searching for help from formal and informal systems, and what kind of assistance can formal systems provide. Researchers interviewed nine women, and found out that stalking could be divided into direct and indirect stalking after the analysis. Stalking not only caused battered women some traumas in physiology, psychological and life experiences (stalking trauma syndrome, lost of life control and forecast, and tired of life), it also influenced battered women on employment, the interaction with child, family and friends, social isolated, and the trust, security, and meanings of life. In this way, battered women can relieve their pain caused by staling through self-response plan (emotional management and security tactics) and ask for others help (formal and informal resources). However, when the self-response plan doesn’t work or when they encounter difficulties in the process, stalking behavior cannot be effectively stopped. On the other hand, battered women could lessen the hurt of stalking by seeking for effective ways of helping. In this way, our findings and suggestions of intimate partner stalking are as follows: 1、Stalking is a mean of control and violence to the name of love, and partner stalking affects battered women on the aware of stalking and the recognition of seriousness of stalking. What’s more, partner stalking tortures women in a variety of ways, especially the psychological level. 2、Battered women would cope with stalking in many ways, and it might change according to different ways of stalking. Battered women will primary respond to stalking on their own ways to reduce the shock of stalking, and these are indifferent from regular responses to non-partner stalking. 3、Support from informal resources can reduce the impact of stalking for battered women. In addition to psychological and spiritual supports from families,friends, and neighbors, the safety of battered women should be paid with more attention. On the other hand, managers and colleagues of battered women in the workplace should provide emotional support and sound safety and welfare measures. 4、The attitudes of formal resources when dealing with stalking will affect the willingness and trust of battered women to seek for help again. Besides,social workers,the police and the justice all have different sensitivities and suggestions on stalking, and the ways to have a sound plan on the situations and safety of battered women is through educational trainings, understanding of the laws, methods of against stalking, and the highly aware to stalking. 5、The study also provide suggestions for battered women to gather evidence,prevent cyber stalking, and protect their own safety to strength self-response tactics. Meanwhile, the government should pay more attention to the importance of stalking, and relevant laws and anti-stalking resource center should be established also.