社會階級與少年偏差行為關係

Social Class and Juvenile Delinquency

周愫嫻(Su-Syan Jou)

《犯罪學期刊》 7卷1期 (2004/06) Pp. 31-47

https://doi.org/10.29607/ZHWHGX.200406.0002

摘要

有關少年犯罪原因之研究，過去文獻常將問題少年視為單視家庭、教養不當，父母社經條件不佳或低層家庭的產品，但少有實證研究探及不同級或中上階級少年的犯罪問題。因為前人相關研究不足，所以本文將使用中央研究於2000年進行之第一波臺灣教育長期追蹤資料庫，全國共12,887位高中、高職、五專二年級少年資料，就社會階級與其自陳偏差行為之關係做一分析。本文發現父親從事愈高層主管工作者，少年偏差行為發生率愈高，且父親從事職業權力大小比其家庭收入多寡更能展現階級的影響力。而家庭階級也會透過影響家庭的教養方式、接觸合法機會結構、及行為自由度和冒險性差異，間接轉化增強子女的偏差行為。本文認為少年的階級為家庭賦予，個人或父母無法改變此出身背景，因此有中上階級少年喜歡從事輕微的偏差行為，在政策上是無法改變事實；但階級對偏差行為造成的影響也可以透過家長接納子女、管教嚴格、並在少年放學後盡量在家陪同監督，適過不過度地鼓勵少年行為自由度、冒險性加以淡化；同時，學校或社會資源應該讓低層階級少年接觸更多合法機會，增加其對未來前途的期待，以後天政策的實質鼓勵，淡化或彌補先天出身階級的不平等。

關鍵字

少年犯罪 ； 少年偏差 ； 社會階級 ； 權力控制理論

並列摘要

While previous literature has mostly attributed the causes of juvenile delinquency to single-parent family, poor parenting styles, and low SES, little focus has been placed on the middle and upper class delinquency. The present study intends to analyze the relationship between social class and self-reported delinquency among 12,887 high school students by using the TEPS national survey database conducted by Academia Sinica in 2000. The results indicate that instead of family income, the power fathers have at work is more predictive to children’s delinquency. Social class indeed affects youth’s delinquency via parenting skills, legitimate opportunities, sense of freedom and risk-taking. Furthermore, upper and middle class youth tends to have more delinquency when other variables are controlled. Since social class is an acquired status, the present study suggests that efforts can be deposited to strengthen parental acceptance and supervision, as well as discouraging their sense of freedom and risk taking in order to reduce upper and middle class delinquency. In the meantime, school and society can create more legitimate opportunities for lower class youth to moderate the negative effect of social class.

並列關鍵字

juvenile delinquency ； social class ； power-control theory

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