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THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON THE SPATIO-TEMPORAL FEATURES OF URBAN RESIDENTS’ LEISURE BEHAVIOR IN SMALL CITIES AND TOWNS IN CHINA

As a new way of information dissemination and interpersonal communication, social media has great influences on users' leisure behavior. Targeting at urban residents in China, this paper studies the mechanism of how the three characteristics of social media communication, namely interactivity, usability and usefulness, affect the attitude of urban residents in receiving information, their leisure intention and leisure behavior. This study is theoretically grounded in the integration of the technology acceptance model and the theory of planned behavior. The research results indicate that all three dimensions of the social media's propagation characteristics have positive influences on urban residents' leisure behavior in both spatial and temporal terms. The function of social media has transcended the limitations of spatial reality, providing technological support for the expansion of the boundary of space and time for urban residents' leisure behavior and the establishment of a new information platform for urban life.

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MARKET SEGMENTATION OF LEISURE CULTURE: AN INVESTIGATION OF MARKET CLUSTERS IN SHANGHAI, CHINA

Based on the background of the expansion of leisure cultural market, the widespread of the reform of the supply front, and the extension of the 'Internet plus', this study analyzed the features of preferences of inhabitants in Shanghai for markets of leisure culture with the theory of Customer Satisfaction and Hierarchy of Needs. By conducting market surveys and in-depth interviews, the study further used cluster analysis to analyze the data and found that inhabitants could be divided into leisure-culture- rejecting type and leisure-culture-preferring type in terms of preferring degrees of markets of leisure culture for inhabitants in Shanghai, core-leisure-culture- focusing type and multi-leisure-focusing type in terms of markets of leisure culture factors emphasized by inhabitants in Shanghai, low-cognition type and high-cognition type in terms of inhabitants' satisfaction with leisure cognition in Shanghai. The study also put forward some suggestions and implications for the structural reform of the supply side of markets of leisure in Shanghai.

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EVALUATION OF TOURISTS AND LOCAL PEOPLE ON THE LEVEL OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT AT THE NAM DU ARCHIPELAGO, VIETNAM

The aim of this research is to analyze the level of sustainable tourism development in the Nam Du archipelago, Vietnam, from the perspective of the local people and tourists by the methods of descriptive statistics and explorer factor analysis. Questionnaires were conducted with a total of 128 local residents and 116 visitors. From the perspective of the local people, the research reveals that there are ten factors affecting sustainable tourism development in Nam Du archipelago, namely: (1) social security and traffic accidents, (2) economic development, (3) garbage status, (4) management of local government, (5) development planning and distribution of tourism benefits, (6) cultural value, (7) return of tourist and travel time, (8) satisfaction, (9) price of goods and services, and (10) warning and rescue system. However, visitors only identified seven factors affecting sustainable tourism development in Nam Du archipelago, including (1) garbage status, (2) management of local government, (3) economic development and social security and order, (4) satisfaction, (5) cultural value, (6) price of goods and services, and (7) rescue and recreation system. The paper also makes a comparison of the similarities and differences between the opinions of the two groups. The results of this study will benefit the management of local authorities, tourist agencies, local business owners and residents. Besides, this paper proposes some solutions for sustainable tourism development in Nam Du for the future.

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DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTER-AGENCY COMMITTEE TO MEET MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES IN THE COLUMBIA RIVER GORGE NATIONAL SCENIC AREA

The Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area (CRGNSA) is a regional, national and international destination for tourism and recreation. Recreation opportunities are dispersed over multiple landscapes and management jurisdictions. This article identifies a specific management strategy - the development of an interagency team - to deal with increased recreation use in developed high use recreation settings. The approach used for this strategy was to build a unified team of resource managers that can work together across jurisdictions. The interagency team examined recreation conditions and concerns in the CRGNSA and how they were changing over time. Each agency discussed their planning, existing delivery services, standard operating procedures and resource conditions. Strategies were developed to address the concerns, taking into account the existing resources of each agency. This unique, bi-state, multi-jurisdictional methodology is unique in itself, and has developed into an engine of change for both recreation users and providers.

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Reconsidering nostalgia in the creation, curation, and interpretation of public histories

This article is a call for public historians to re-evaluate their understanding of nostalgia and to embrace its attributes to engage a wide range of people with the past in different ways as contributors, co-creators, and consumers, within the museum context. It argues that if there is innovation in the way the past is thought about, collected, and interpreted, by embracing nostalgia, it is possible to offer new perspectives on well-covered historical topics and to enhance the experience of engaging with public history in all its forms (Hunt, 2013). This can only be positive because without the general public in Britain engaging with history as consumers it has little meaning and its survival is threatened. Perhaps most importantly it highlights the need for universities and museums to work collaboratively to better represent the past in the public context.

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Innovations in outdoor recreation visitor use management: Applying market segmentation at the Timberline Lodge Recreation Complex

This study examined the perceptions of outdoor recreation users at the Timberline Lodge Recreation Complex (TLRC), a national historic landmark in Oregon's Mount Hood National Forest. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the multiple facets of customer satisfaction, crowding, and conflict in relation to two specifically segmented recreational user groups: 1) snow users and 2) lodge users. These two different user segments were determined to possess independent satisfaction, crowding, conflict, socio-demographic, trip characteristic, and group characteristic trends. Overall, a series of statistical analyses determined that lodge users were more satisfied and perceived less crowding and conflict than snow users. The utilization of market segmentation within a diverse population of users proved to be invaluable in this study. By examining the TLRC users through the lens of various market segments, this study was able to provide a deeper understanding of visitor use management. This innovative method for segmenting recreationists in multifaceted recreation settings may allow resource managers to provide a higher quality of service and experience for their customers. Holistically viewing this area as a recreation complex as opposed to individual management zones (e.g., silos) further demonstrated the application of innovative and collaborative visitor use management and research.