皮膚炎最常見的就是濕疹性皮膚炎,主要是表皮出現發炎變化,呈現的皮膚病灶是多樣性的,在基層門診的皮膚科疾病裡,佔有最高的比例,如果工作環境導致的皮膚炎,則稱為職業接觸性皮膚炎(occupational contact dermatitis),是常見的一種職業性疾病,其中手部更是最常見的病灶部位,Nethercott及美國疾病管制局就指出,手部濕疹佔職業接觸性皮膚炎約80%,臉部病灶才約10%左右^1.2。相關的皮膚症狀包括紅、腫、丘疹、搔癢、脫皮、水泡或潰爛等,如果罹病的勞工朋友,延遲就醫時间,加上不時地搔抓,嚴重地反覆刺激,常會造成皮膚增厚粗糙,增加疾病治療的複雜度。國內研究指出接觸性皮膚炎的門診個案中,約20%就是屬於職業接觸性皮膚炎,在女性族群中,最高的盛行率是以從事美髮工作人員為主,男性則是建築業工人最常見3,兩者都以手部濕疹最常表現,所以基層醫師診療手部溼疹病患時,必須稍加以留意是否為職業性皮膚病個案,如果經病史及理學檢查確定診斷的話,醫師應該適時了解個案的職業環境,提供職場的安全維護衛教,維持個案職場的生產力,並減低醫療負擔的支出。本文則是提供一位手部濕疹的美容工作者案例,並回顧相關的最新文獻,提供給基層醫師,對美髮業職業性皮膚病進一步的了解。
The occupational contact dermatitis is one of common occupational diseases. The inflamed skin caused by occupation is the definition. The skin lesions include erythema, papules, vesicles, crusts or scaling. It is common skin disease in the outpatient department. The proximate 20% of contact dermatitis in OPD belongs to occupational contact dermatitis. The most frequently involved profession for women is hairdressing and hand eczema is predominantly manifested. In clinical, we should pay more attention to hand eczema in OPD and suspect the probability of occupational diseases. We should support sufficient education of occupational safety to maintain the occupational productivity and reduce the medical expenditure.