This paper intends to investigate the behavior of Taiwanese consumer attitudes toward genetically modified products. We develop a generalized framework and empirically examine such consumer behavior in Taiwan. Our results find that the indirect-effect model with mediating variables explains Taiwanese acceptance of genetically modified products better than the direct-effect model does. The mediating variables such as perceived risk and perceived benefit play a vital role in explaining the influences of consumer attitudes toward nature and the environment, knowledge of genomic technology, and trust toward institutions and governments on the acceptance of genetically modified products. We also find that the important factors underlying such acceptance behavior may vary by genetically modified product.