自然景觀健康效益之研究

自然景觀與健康為重要的研究議題，近年更將研究結果實踐於不論是景觀實務方面，或是用於醫療處方箋中建議病人多接觸自然。現代的生活常處於龐大壓力之下，許多人開始講求回歸自然並從中獲得平靜，例如透過園藝治療、森林療癒等活動，即是由從事園藝活動、在森林中靜坐、冥想等活動中舒緩身心，獲得自然的健康效益。這些活動基於相似的理論基礎，如親生命假說、注意力恢復理論、壓力縮減理論等。自然景觀的健康效益研究主要可分為生理、心理以及社會福祉等層面，本文將著重關於生心理之健康效益過去與近期研究。心理健康效益的指標如注意力恢復、壓力、情緒等，生理方面如肌電值、腦電波與腦區反應等；以不同健康指標為分類，探討自然環境與感知和健康效益之關係。並說明如何結合研究結果與現代的技術於未來應用方面，如穿戴式裝置、大數據分析、機器學習等技術，協助人們體驗自然，並從自然中獲得有助於舒緩生心的效益。

關鍵字

心理健康效益；生理健康效益；自然景觀；穿戴式裝置

並列摘要

Natural landscape and health are important research issues, recently, research outcomes have not only been applied to practical landscape design field, but also been used as prescriptions to suggest patients to enhance the contact to nature. In modern society, people suffer from huge stress from life and work, and people started to seek for peace and calmness from nature through the activities such as horticultural activities and meditation in horticultural therapies and forest therapies. These therapies based on similar theories, for example, biophilia hypothesis, attention restoration theory, and stress reduction theory. There are several categories of health benefits, including psychological aspect, physiological aspect, and social well-being. This article focused on the research trend about psychological and physiological health effects, including theories and indicators for different health benefits. The psychological indicators such as attention restoration, stress, emotion and preference, and the physiological health indicators such as heart rate, blood pressure, electromyography, electroencephalogram, and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), have frequently been discussed. The last session, this article interpreted the connection of research outcome and modern techniques in future application, such as wearable device, big data..., which could increase the accessibility to nature, help human experiencing the nature deeply and attain health beneficial effects as feedbacks.