- 期刊
論《紅樓夢》中「情理兼備」而「兩盡其道」之「痴理」觀
"Chi li" in "The Dream of the Red Chamber"
摘要
《紅樓夢》將《牡丹亭》、《西廂記》納入才子佳人小說類型，並對此一文類進行全面總檢討，除了就其間所共有的情欲敘事模式給予深刻的反思，有意識地顛覆和推翻了中國傳統文學對浪漫愛情的看法外，還更進一步以其獨特手法建構積極的婚戀觀，對愛情的發生、發展與結果進行整體的解釋。亦即以儒家範疇的「德惠」表述為寶黛之間的愛情提供了「恩義」的倫理前提，以「日久生情」解釋愛情的發生與發展，而否定一見鍾情式的激情與欲望本能上的性趨力；在面對個人與社會有所衝突的困境上，則提出「兩盡其道」的「痴理」說以超越「癡情」論，而達到情理兼備的平衡。如果說「緣情入禮（理）」解釋了明中期以來浪漫愛情故事的創作主旨，則「緣禮（理）入情」 乃是《紅樓夢》對晚明以來「情理對立」、「以欲為情」之情論俗流的扭轉。此中，將「個人」由才子佳人模式的真空狀態置回社會脈絡與人際關係中，也把「主體性」從情欲霸權（erotic hegemony）的壟斷中釋放出來，重新回歸到 「人格價值」與「倫理意義」的追求，形成一種「倫理化的情感」與「情感化的倫理」，而臻人我無憾的最高境界。
並列摘要
”The Romance of West Chamber” and ”The Peony Pavilion” are counted in ”The Dream of the Red Chamber” as stories of the Scholar-Beauty Romance (SBR) genre. After thoroughly reflecting upon the desire narrative pattern common in this genre, Cao Xueqin consciously subverts the view of romantic love by constructing his own perspective on the love and marriage in his ”Dream of the Red Chamber”. Specifically, the love between Bao-yu and Dai-yu is formed through kindness and righteousness (恩義). In this ideal, love occurs and develops with accumulation of mutual experiences rather than passionate love-at-first-sight or erotic desire. In contrast of the ”chi qing” (癡情, infatuation) advocated in the SBR model since mid-Ming, Cao proposes ”chi li” (癡哩, attachment based on social manners) when facing the confict between individuals and society, making a reasonable balance and a good compromise between the tow requirements. He reverses the vacuum personal state in the erotic love theme of SBR and relocates individuals into their social context and relationships. The individuality is thus released from the monopoly of erotic hegemony and redefined as pursuit of personality value and ethical significance. The love in ”The Dreams of the Red Chamber” realizes an ethics with feelings and a feeling within ethics, where personal thinking and social/family responsibilities can both be satisfied.