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從擴大租隙解析都市更新條例之新自由主義邏輯:地產博奕或優質再生?

Exploring the Neoliberal Logic of Urban Renewal Act from the Expanded Rent Gap Perspective: A Real Estate Game or High Quality Regeneration?

摘要


《都市更新條例》實施以來問題不斷,原因在於過度傾向新自由主義的法制設計,偏重吸引過剩資本進入老舊建成環境,活絡地產資本主導的二級迴路。本文以新馬克思主義政治經濟取向為基礎,釐清都市建成環境中二級資本迴路、新自由主義治理與都市更新的結構性關係。在分析臺灣近年總體政經脈絡、不動產市場景氣及臺灣的都市更新制度後,本文認為,國家在重大社經危機浮現時,的確有針對不動產市場進行保值的傾向。《都市更新條例》及相關專案政策皆顯現這個企圖,創造出「國家主導擴大租隙」的獎助機制。另外,透過分析臺北市已完成的都市更新案例,本文發現,「國家主導擴大租隙」的空間修補效果的確有助於提高完工建案之價值。惟不同於西方經驗,臺北市案例顯示,「擴大租隙」使都市更新較少發生於老舊城區,反而流入房市熱絡地段。這套作法也形成臺灣都更體系特殊的「在地尺度化新自由主義」─治理議程上未曾與實踐全球化的新都市意像結合,卻在制度上回應全球新自由主義的投機趨向,最終則圖利在地房產資本集團。

並列摘要


The 'Urban Renewal Act' has encountered several problems since its enforcement because of the institutional bias toward neoliberalism to attract inward investment into the dilapidated built environment and to stimulate the property-based secondary circuit of capital. This study applies a neo-Marxist political economy approach to exploring the structural relationships among the secondary circuit of capital, neoliberal urban governance, and urban renewal in the field of urban built environment. Analysis of the macro environment of political economy, the business cycle of the property market, and the institution of urban renewal in Taiwan reveal that, whilst the critical socioeconomic crisis is indeed apparent, the state tends to keep on 'revalorizing' property market. The state intention can be find from the 'Urban Renewal Act' and specific renewal policies, which have established a set of incentives through 'state-led expanded rent gap'. Analyses of completed renewal projects in Taipei reveal that the effect of spatial fix driven by the 'state-led expanded rent gap' indeed has facilitated to increase the value of completed projects. Unlike the experience of western cities, the case of Taipei indicates that the mechanism under expanded rent gap has stimulated the occurrences of renewal projects less in downtown but more in the areas with property boom. The institution has also formed the rise of special 'locally scaled neoliberalism' in the urban renewal system in Taiwan, which seldom connects governing agenda with new global urban imagineering, institutionally responds to the speculative tendency of global neoliberalism, and ultimately benefits the local property capitalist bloc.

參考文獻


丁致成、陳松森(2008),草創與1. 成長─都市更新研究發展基金會成立十周年回顧,「都市更新研究發展基金會官方網頁」,http://www.ur.org.tw/news_detail.asp?n_sn=2829,(2014 年 1 月 21 日)
于宗先、王金利(2001)。臺灣土地問題:社會問題的根源。臺北:聯經。
王振寰(1996)。誰統治臺灣─轉型中的國家機器與權力結構。臺北:巨流。
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台灣都市更新公司(2009),關於我們,「台灣都市更新公司官方網頁」,http://www.turco.com.tw/about.php?CatalogID=21,(2014 年 1 月 31 日)

被引用紀錄


李得全、謝一鋒、羅煊(2021)。都市更新容積獎勵制度之謬誤與導正-以臺北市為例都市與計劃48(3),283-309。https://doi.org/10.6128/CP.202109_48(3).0003
柯于璋(2021)。我國都市更新之演進與後設治理都市與計劃48(3),265-281。https://doi.org/10.6128/CP.202109_48(3).0002
柯于璋(2019)。我國都市更新利益與分配正義之研究都市與計劃46(3),221-247。https://doi.org/10.6128/CP.201909_46(3).0003

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