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添加LCO對輕油裂解製程之影響

The Influence of Light Cycle Oil in Ethylene Plant

摘要


輕油裂解工場由於裂解爐能耗甚大,因此熱能回收相當重要。而汽油分餾塔塔底之驟冷油溫度愈高,稀釋蒸氣產量就愈大,補充之蒸氣就愈少,愈能達到節能目的。但驟冷油溫度愈高,所伴隨的聚合反應就會加劇,造成驟冷油API及黏度降低,造成泵送及阻塞的問題。因此要提高稀釋蒸氣產量,主要需先要能改善驟冷油的品質。部分輕裂工場原始設計進料為石油腦及製氣油,汽油分餾塔塔底溫度設計值較高,但之後由於製氣油進料成本及裂解率之考量,進料改為全石油腦進料,由於原先設計並未考慮全石油腦進料,且目前之石油腦成份也較原設計進料輕,使得目前汽油分餾塔塔底溫度偏低,造成稀釋蒸汽產生量降低,影響輕裂工場之能源回收。乙烯裂解工場的驟冷油系統操作影響工場熱能回收甚鉅,也直接關係整個工場能耗,部分工場為了改善驟冷油品質,在設計上或更新時增加了減黏塔設備,近幾年來也一直有廠家開發減黏劑,目的就在於希望藉由改善驟冷油品質,提升汽油分餾塔塔底溫度,藉以提高熱能回收。但限於工場的空間或管線安排,並非所有裂解工場都能增加減黏塔設備,而由於擔心對產品品質造成影響,對於減黏劑的使用也會有疑慮,此時LCO的添加提供操作上另外的選項,雖然LCO會造成部分產品價值下降,並增加操作成本,但確實也提高驟冷油系統熱能回收,因此是否選擇添加LCO端視製程設計及整體經濟效益的評估計算。添加LCO可以降低驟冷油不飽和烴濃度,及減少驟冷油滯留時間。而且添加LCO方式只需調整操作變數,不須更改設備與流程。從測試數據確實發現中壓蒸汽補充量在添加適量之LCO比未添加LCO情況減少。此外由於添加LCO後,循環驟冷油之品質改善,使得稀釋蒸氣產生器之結垢降低,不但可增加熱換效率,亦可降低清洗頻率,降低操作成本。添加LCO在目前實際操作經過測試確實能明顯改善循環驟冷油黏度、提高汽油分餾塔塔底溫度並增加稀釋蒸氣產生量,而達到節能的目的,經計算扣除成本後,經濟效益相當可觀。

關鍵字

輕油 乙烯工場 節能

並列摘要


The energy consumption in ethylene plants is enormous; therefore, saving energy is quite important. If the bottom temperature in the gasoline fractionation tower increases, more steam can be generated, which causes less energy consumption. The originally designed feed in the ethylene plant, is the combination of naphtha and gas oil. Owing to the consideration of the feed cost and cracking conversion, many ethylene plants were revamped to naphtha feed only. This affects the bottom temperature in the gasoline fractionation tower, is the major source of energy recovery in ethylene plants. Increasing the bottom temperature in a gasoline fractionation tower affect the quality of the quench oil. Adding proper amount of the light cycle oil (LCO) can substaintially increase the viscosity of the quench oil, which causes problems in quench oil system. Even though the additin of the LCO causes the losing of some product values the overall impact for these revamped ethylene plants is still positive. According to the tests in the field, the addition of LCO in the ethylene plant can save about 10 thousand dollars per day.

並列關鍵字

Light Cycle Oil Naphtha Ethylene Plant Energy

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