定向運動與環境創意教學應用

定向運動是一種利用地圖與羅盤，在野外所進行循跡或尋點的一種運動；它是以地圖利用與判讀概念爲基礎，並運用羅盤爲定位與定向工具，因此屬智力運用的活動。本項運動最早起源於19世紀的北歐，主要做爲童子軍野外訓練之用，而後逐漸擴展至世界各國，並發展出多種類型之運動型式，包括：徒步、越野自行車、滑雪及循徑等定向運動類型，以適應各種年齡及體能狀況參與者，並發展出跨國競賽活動，而成爲風行世界之全民運動。本文旨在探討定向運動的本質，及其應用發展特徵，並結合創造力概念之導入，而成爲一種具多元環境教育價值之創意教學活動。本活動可達以下目標：空間環境的認識與學習、空間環境的參與體驗、空間環境的利用、空間環境的創意運用、人地空間概念的整合、運動與休閒的結合等；未來並可結合GPS，而發展新的運動型式。

關鍵字

定向運動；智力型運動；地圖利用；羅盤；創意教學

並列摘要

Orienteering is a kind of athletics that uses maps and compass to navigate the trail or finding the exact location on the orienteering map. It is based on the knowledge of map-use and map-interpretation, and use compass skills for locating and way-finding, so it could be thought as an intelligent athletics. Orienteering originated in northern Europe in 19(superscript th) century, and was deemed as the training courses of young scout in school. It has progressed diversely in kinds like foot orienteering, mountain bike orienteering, ski orienteering, and trail orienteering, so as to meet the needs of every person in any age or physical strength. Because of its friendliness to most persons, orienteering has spread abroad to other countries, and has becomes the popular athletics and cross-country competition in the world. The purpose of this article is to discuss the essentials and performance of orienteering, and finding its effects that introduced to creative concepts. This will leads to successful results of diversification in environmental teaching lessons in creative education. So, combining creative notions to orienteering can achieve the following results: effective environment understanding and learning, environmental participation and experiencing, effective use of environment, creativity-based environmental athletics, synthesized knowledge of human-environment, athletics combined with leisure. In the future, the GPS will be introduced, and becoming a new form of orienteering.