日本推動照顧工作師制度之歷史脈絡：回顧1950至1980年代

Assessing Japan's certified care worker training system: 1950s-1980s

徐明仿(Ming-Fang Hsu)

《台灣公共衛生雜誌》 39卷6期 (2020/12) Pp. 611-622

https://doi.org/10.6288/TJPH.202012_39(6).109122

摘要

日本於1987年立法通過介護福祉士制度（本文譯照顧工作師制度），開啟學校教育養成機制與國考證照機制，雙軌並進培育第一線照顧人才。本文以傳統概念性文獻回顧探討日本法制化之歷史沿革，搜尋日本官方歷史性政策文獻資料，從日本資料庫檢索系統IPSS、CiNii、NDL篩選納入12篇（1970-1990年）官方政策文獻、9篇（1970-2020年）日文期刊論文，及自華藝線上圖書館、台灣期刊論文索引系統計4篇（2000-2020年）相關研究。本文歸納出日本順利推動法制化之因素有四點，中央政府強力主導、社會工作與照顧工作之雙師制度同時法制化、「訓．用．勞」三端的支持，以及銀髮產業界的支持。

關鍵字

介護福祉士 ； 照顧工作 ； 專業證照 ； 自立支援

並列摘要

Japan passed the Certified Care Worker Act in 1987 and initiated specialized nursing care education and a dual-track approach to national qualification to cultivate care professionals. This study adopted a traditional literature review methodology to investigate the historical evolution of Japan's legal regime for care workers. It searched for official historical Japanese policy documents (1970-1990) in domestic and foreign databases, including IPSS, CiNii, and NDL. This study identified four major elements contributing to Japan's success in enacting regulations governing care workers, namely (1) strong central government leadership, (2) the adoption of a dual system for certifying social workers and care workers, (3) a collaborative training system involving both employers and employees, (4) and support from the care industry.

並列關鍵字

certified care worker ； caregiving ； qualification ； self-reliance support

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