日治時代的產業政策與宜蘭邊區的經營

本文的研究目的在於釐清：日治時代國家基於何種政治經濟的考量來開發殖民地臺灣的邊區，並以宜蘭為個案，檢視國家於邊區土地的施為與成效。研究結果顯示： 1895年日本領有臺灣，開啟殖民地臺灣的經營，為了掌控山地的樟腦資源，開始積極進行隘勇線的擴張。隘勇線的前進不但減少蕃害的威脅，更增加新的可開發土地，日本政府以鼓勵資本密集及大規模土地開發為重心，日資會社及宜蘭拓殖組織乃成為宜蘭邊區主要的開墾勢力。大規模土地開墾的目的在營利，大正5年(1916)臺南製糖株式會社併構宜蘭製糖株式會社，獨占宜蘭的製糖事業，三星庄遂成為臺南製糖株式會社的主要原料供應地。為了運輸甘蔗，所興建的運糖鐵路。將宜蘭的邊區完全納入資本主義的經營體系。此外1915年日人也開始投資經營太平山的森林砍伐事業，太平山森林的開採，也帶動週邊相關事業的蓬勃，並且隨著大正13年森林鐵路的通車，讓這一個清末仍屬於邊區的三星地區，結合了糖與木材的輪運，展現出極高的經濟效益，也因為工作機會的增加，勞動工人陸續還是主三星，三星地區也成為宜蘭地區人口成長最快速的地方。

關鍵字

產業政策；邊區；土地開發；糖業；林業

並列摘要

The motivation of this research is to clarify Japanese regime based on what political and economic goal and considerations to develop Taiwan's colonial border. We also took Yilan for the case to scrutinize the effectiveness and measures of the nation's border area policy. The resu1ts are as follows: Japan occupied Taiwan in 1895, and started to colonize it. In order to control the mountain camphor resources, Japanese regime began to vigorously carry out the defense-line expansion to completely block out the aboriginal people. The moving forward of defense-line, not only reduced threatens of aboriginal people, but also acquired more land. To achieve the country's effectiveness of the frontier, the strategy of Japanese regime is to encourage capital intensive and large-scale land reclamation for the development. Japanese companies and Yilan Takushoku organizations were becoming a major forces in this region. The purpose of large scale land reclamation, are not for living but for profit. Therefore, when the Tainan Sugar Co., Ltd. merged Yilan, a complete monopoly, San-shin, has become the main supplier of raw sugar for Er-Jei sugar factory. In addition, to transport sugar cane, Japanese authority also built up a rail transportation system. By all these means, the authority fully integrated the border area of Yilan into the capitalism operating system. At the same time, Japanese regime had begun to invest in the Tai-Ping Mountain deforestation in 1915. The development of Tai-Ping Mountain also ignited the collateral business. And with the start-up the Tai-Ping forest rail system, the border area Pa-lisa combined sugar and timber transport, has the ability to show it's great effectiveness. At the same time, due to the growth of job opportunity, the labors had moved to Shan-shin, and Shan-shin made itself as a fastest growing population area in Yilan.