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七種台灣楠木類木材之天然耐腐力探討
Natural Decay Resistance of Seven Nanmu Wood Species Native to Taiwan
摘要
由林試所蓮華池分所及六龜分所採集大葉楠、瑞芳楠（香楠）、竹葉楠、紅楠、瓊楠、台灣雅楠及台灣賽楠（小西氏賽楠）等7種楠木試材。氣乾後，依照標準步驟測試木材天然耐腐力，並以楓木(Acer sp.)為對照材。試驗腐朽菌包括白腐菌(Coriolus versicolor；TFRI，No. 31)l種及褐腐菌(Laetiporus sulphureus；TFRI，No.178)1種。木材耐腐性試驗在恆溫恆濕箱中進行，設定溫度26±2℃及相對濕度70±5%。經過22週之觀測時間，比較不同菌種對各種試材之腐朽率情形，得知白腐菌所形成之腐朽情況均較褐腐菌為嚴重。不同樹種之木材耐腐性方面，台灣雅楠具有較良好之耐腐力，其次為台灣賽楠及竹葉楠，再次為瓊楠、紅楠及大葉楠，而瑞芳楠之耐腐力最差。將台灣雅楠、台灣賽楠和竹葉楠3種試材分別使用正己烷、丙酮及甲醇3種溶劑順序進行萃取處理。其中以丙酮溶劑所得萃取物最多；台灣雅楠5.76%，台灣賽楠2.96%，竹葉楠4.27%。測試3種試材丙酮萃取物對於白腐菌之影響，得知三種楠木丙酮萃取物均具有明顯之抑菌效能。
並列摘要
The natural decay resistances of 7 nanmu wood species, collected from Lienhuachih and Liukuei Stations were tested in this experiment. The test fungi included 1 white-rot fungus, Coriolus versicolor (C. v.; TFRI, No. 31), and 1 brown-rot fungus, Laetiporus sulphureus (L. s.; TFRI, No. 178). Maple (Acer sp.) wood specimens were used as reference blocks. The soil-block test method was followed, according to ASTM and CNS standard procedures with some modifications. The incubator was set at a temperature of 26±2℃ and relative humidity of 70±5%. After 22 wk of incubation, the wood samples were found to be decayed more heavily by white-rot fungus (C. v.) than by brown-rot fungus (L. s.). The wood of Taiwan phoebe showed the best decay resistance, and the next best wood species were Nantou litsea and Konishi nathaphoebe. The wood samples of Red bark slugwood, Red nanmu, and Large-leaved machilus were found to possess less decay-resistant properties, while the wood sample of Incense machilus was determined to have the least decay resistance. N-hexane, acetone, and methanol were sequentially applied to extract the wood powders of Taiwan phoebe, Nantou litsea and Konishi nathaphoebe. Acetone extractives were most abundant, and they revealed significant anti-fungal effects.