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  • 學位論文

臺灣地區古蹟與歷史建築木構造原用樹種木材之替代木材

Replacement possibilities for original wood species used in historic buildings in Taiwan

指導教授 : 蔡明哲 薛琴

摘要


臺灣地區古蹟與歷史建築木構造原用樹種木材之替代木材 新文資法頒佈前,「採用原用或相近似之材料」為古蹟與歷史建築修復用材選材方針。惟多數修復用樹種木材,如扁柏、紅檜、肖楠、福杉等,部分已列為瀕臨滅絕;在省產木材來源方面,農委會之歷年統計年報指出,1996年起省產木材生產值遠低於省產原木及製材出口量值,至2005年止生產值仍是負成長。 省產木材來源困窘、保有古蹟與歷史建築木材文化、森林保育等面向,本研究為:(一)、古蹟與歷史建築木材文化應紀錄與保留,惟木材文化背後係經濟、環境等影響多有調整,眼前環境亦是另一個時代的木材文化開始。(二)、建立原用樹種木材種類、同原用樹種木材樹種之撫育林及進口木材多面向「基礎資料」。(三)、「自然保育」與「古蹟與歷史建築木材文化」兩衡下,提供可替代原用樹種木材之替代木材使用方向。 本論文共分五章作論述,其章節內容如下: 第一章 續論 研究動機與目的、文獻與回顧、界定研究範圍,並建立研究方法與田野調查等內容。 第二章 臺灣森林開發史概略 簡述各時代在經濟、政治、戰爭、人口等因素對臺灣地區森林資源砍伐,造成水土保持問題、林木資源驟降至爾後法令保護等發展歷程。另表達臺灣地區天然林濫伐達300年之久,撫育林約100年,古蹟與歷史建築修復用木材採用來源,確實值得深思。 第三章 臺灣地區古蹟與歷史建築木構造原用樹種木材 匠師經驗傳承、起造人經濟能力、思鄉情等因素而演化出臺灣地區建築木材文化。第一節將整理哪些樹種木材為早期建築建材。另第二節就目前古蹟與歷史建築修復用材擇定與窘境,以法規、預算等面向,以表列方式實際說明。 第四章 臺灣省產經濟木材與進口木材評估與選用 排除林務局不再提供省產木材等現實因素,就臺灣地區從日治、戰後後到現今,歷年各林區人工撫育樹種,哪些可常態提供古蹟與歷史建築修復用木材,在保存原古蹟與歷史建築木材文化、建築結構安全及保護臺灣地區特有樹種上取一平衡點 若省產木材無法提供適當木材,則透過國外研究單位對世界各區域樹種及基礎性質,與省產木材性質做一比對,了解哪些進口木材能否立即提供古蹟與歷史建築修復採用。 第五章 建議與結論 哪些省產撫育樹種木材可立即伐採、產區為何、或還要等待多久方能伐採,若無法立即伐採時,哪些進口木材可採用等做一建議與結論。

並列摘要


Replacement possibilities for original wood species used in historic buildings in Taiwan Abstract Before the proclamation of the new Act of Cultural Heritage Conservation, “using original or similar materials” has long been the guideline for historic restoration. However, many of the species, like Taiwan yellow cedar, Taiwan red cedar, Taiwan incense cedar, China fir, … etc., have been classified as endangered species. And when it comes to the availability of wood, an annual reports of Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan indicate that quantity of exported log and lumber had been higher than that of recorded wood production since 1996, and remained so till 2005. In view of the shortage of wood, preservation of historic buildings and wood culture, and conservation of forests, this study aims for (1.) recording and preservation of wood craftsmanship used in historic buildings—yet, in light of the various changes in economical and environmental aspects, we have entered a new era of wood culture. (2.) Setting up a database for information on originally used species, forestation of similar species, and wood import. (3.) finding substitute species that can be both eco-friendly and help preserve wood craftsmanship. Summary of the five chapters: I. Introduction Motivation, literature review, scope of study, methodology, and field studies. II. Brief history of forest felling in Taiwan The impact of economy, politics, war and population on forests in Taiwan; ensuing environmental problems; depletion of forest resources; and finally the legislative measures to protect the forests.This chapter reflecting on the three hundred years of excessive felling and one hundred years of forestation. III. Originally used wood species in Taiwanese historic buildings Factors that contributed to Taiwan’s wood culture. Documenting the wood species used in the past. Examining the present situation in choosing suitable wood species for restoration and the difficulties it faces. IV. Evaluation of local and imported wood stock Despite the Forestry Bureau no longer provides local wood stock for use, this study tries to chronicle the wood species used through time, to see what species can be a steady source for restoration use. This will help finding a balance point between preserving historic buildings and wood culture, structural reliability, and protection of unique species in Taiwan. If suitable wood can not be obtained locally, comparison of its properties with foreign species must be made to determine what kind of imported wood can be used for restoration. V. Conclusions Determining what local species can be farmed immediately and where to farm them, or how long will they become available. As well, what species can be imported as substitution.

參考文獻


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