- 期刊
健康教育／健康促進：典範或時尚？
Health Education / Health Promotion: Paradigm or Fashion?
摘要
健康教育／健康促進基本上是一種典範，一種協助人們改變行為，維護和增進健康，進而提高生活品質的典範；也就是說，健康教育／健康促進不是一種時尚。 1792年，德國開風氣之先，首度在學校開設衛生課程，為學健康教育課程之濫觴，也開啟了健康教育的大門；其後，世界各國紛紛推動各項健康教育計畫。一九七０年代初期，健康促進運動興起，涵蓋了健康教育，而且融合了組織、政治、經濟、法律及環境等各項因素於一體。質是之故，健康教育成為健康促進計畫中非常重要的一環。長久以來，世界衛生組織在健康教育／健康促進的推動上，一直扮著積極、 重要的角色。1978年，該組織發表Alma- Ata宣言，宣示「公元二千年全民健康」（Health for All by the Year 2000）目標，成為促進全人類健康的重要里程碑。其後，世界衛生組織分別於1986年、1988年、1991年、1997年及2000年召開健康促進國際研討會，更強化了健康教育／健康促進的基礎和功能。為繼續襄助各國推動健康促進與疾病預防計畫，世界衛生組織復於1998年5月16日發布「二十一世紀全民健康」（Health for All in the Twenty-first Century）文件，成為健康教育／健康促進永續發展之重要動力，也讓健康教育／健康促進繼續成為促進全人類健康，提高生活品質的典範。
並列摘要
Health education / health promotion, basically, is a paradigm which is utilized to assist the public to change their behavior, to maintain and promote their health, and, in advance, to upgrade their quality of life. In other words, health education / health promotion is not a fashion. In 1792, the hygiene courses were arranged for school students in Germany. The program was the beginning of health education in the world. After that, health education programs were developed and conducted in each country. In early 1970s, the movement of health promotion was developed rapidly. Health promotion programs include health education and integrate with organizational, political, economical, legal and environmental factors. Therefore, health education is one important component in health promotion profession. During the past years, the World Health Organization (WHO) had played an active, important role in implementing health education / health promotion programs. In 1978, the Alma-Ata Declaration was issued by the WHO with the objective of ”Health for All by the Year 2000”. The Declaration has become the prominent milestone for promoting the mankind's health. After that, the WHO has sponsored five international conferences on health promotion m 1986, 1988, 1991, 1997 and 2000, respectively. Those conferences, apparently, have reinforced the foundation and functions of health education / health promotion. In order to assist each country to implement health promotion and disease prevention programs effectively, the WHO issued a new document entitled ”Health for All in the 21st Century” in May 16, 1998. The document is the important force for the sustainable development of health education / health promotion. It is also the fundamental for health education / health promotion as a paradigm for the sake of promoting the mankind's health and upgrading their quality of life.