且讓我們蹚水過河：形構台灣河流書寫／文學的可能性

Let Us Cross the River: Discussion on the Possibility of Taiwanese River Writing/Literature

吳明益(Ming-Yi Wu)

《東華人文學報》 9期 (2006/07) Pp. 177-214

https://doi.org/10.6420/DHJHS.200607.0177

摘要

台灣自然書寫相關研究在未來尚有幾個領域可待拓展：第一，原住民作家書寫自然的模式。第二，小說或詩中潛存的自然觀及生態意象的探索。第三，科學家的科學書寫。第四，具有特殊主題，或特定題材的自然／環境書寫。本文即是在第四類研究上的一個初步嘗試。本文試圖採取一種「地理學」與「文學」、「環境倫理學」並行的思考進路，先回應「(1)文學型態的生成確實受自然環境影響嗎？(2)人是怎麼認識自然環境，從而表現在文學上的？」這兩個基源問題。
而在台灣文學研究上，「海洋書寫／文學」這個詞已被普遍接受，相較之下，台灣同時是多山、多河流的島嶼，「山岳書寫／文學」與「河流書寫／文學」相關的文學文本卻常被忽略。但從地理、經濟、社會、文化等層面看來，河流對台灣的發展與影響不可謂不大。因此，從地理、經濟、文化層面論述並建立一個「河流書寫／文學」的必要性與合理性是本文的第二個目標。其次，本文將嘗試定義河流書寫／文學，並舉文學文本為例，對台灣文學文本中已將河流轉化為「養育者」、「施暴者」與「受害者」這三種基本「認知地圖」，以及書寫河流所發展出的一種「流域式」、「環境史」的書寫模式進行嘗試性的詮釋。

關鍵字

河流書寫 ； 河流文學 ； 環境文學 ； 自然書寫 ； 生態批評

並列摘要

The research into Taiwanese nature writing has a few fields to be explored: 1) the writing by aboriginal writers about the nature; 2) the exploration of the perspective of nature and ecological image hidden in the novels or poems; 3) scientists' writing about science; 4) nature/environmental writing on special or specific topics. This paper is a preliminary exploration on the fourth point. Adopted thinking pattern incorporating ”geography,” ”literature,” and ”environmental ethics,” this study first responds to the basic questions of 1) Is the formation of literature types subjected to the natural environment? 2) How do people learn about the natural environment and express in literature?
In the research of Taiwanese literature, the term ”sea writing/literature” has been widely accepted. Taiwan is an island with many mountains and rivers, yet ”mountain writing/literature” and ”river writing/literature” have often been neglected. However, based on the perspectives of geography, economy, society, and culture, the influence of river on the development of Taiwan is also significant. Therefore, discussing and constructing the necessity and rationality of ”river writing/literature” from the perspectives of geography, economy, society, and culture is the second goal of this paper. This paper also attempts to define ”river writing/literature” in Taiwan, and present literary works as examples to investigate the writing models of ”river basin” and ”environmental history” and to interpret the three basic ”cognitive maps” of river reading in Taiwan-the river as ”supporter,” ”offender,” and ”victim.”

並列關鍵字

river writing ； river literature ； environmental literature ； nature writing ； ecocriticism

參考文獻

Robert Finch,John Elder (ed.)(2002).Nature Writing: The Tradition in English.W. W. Norton & Company.

Patrick Murphy(2000).Farther Afield in the Study of Nature-Oriented Literature.Charlottesville and London:University Press of Virginia.

(2004)。以書寫解放自然。17

聶筱秋、胡中凡譯、Paul A. Bell、Thomas C. Greene、Jeffery D. Fisher、Andrew Baum(2003)。環境心理學。台北:桂冠圖書股份有限公司。

聶筱秋、胡中凡譯、Paul A. Bell、Thomas C. Greene、Jeffery D. Fisher、Andrew Baum(2003)。環境心理學。台北:桂冠圖書股份有限公司。