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台灣南部地區埃及斑蚊及白線斑蚊幼蟲對殺蟲劑的抗藥性
Insecticide Resistance in Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) Larvae in Southern Taiwan
摘要
本研究於2008年自台南市及高雄市採集埃及斑蚊及白線斑蚊，以埃及斑蚊NS品系及白線斑蚊林口品系做為敏感對照品系，參考WHO蚊幼蟲生物檢定方法，進行斑蚊幼蟲對百滅寧、賽滅寧、芬化利、必列寧、亞培松、陶斯松、撲滅松及亞特松的藥劑感受性生物檢定。結果顯示埃及斑蚊幼蟲對供試除蟲菊劑的抗藥性明顯高於白線斑蚊，埃及斑蚊幼蟲除了台南市關廟區品系外，所有田間品系均對百滅寧具高度抗藥性（RR50 = 41.5～90.7），所有地區的白線斑蚊幼蟲對百滅寧僅具有低度抗藥性（RR50 = 1.1～2.0）。而白線斑蚊幼蟲對供試有機磷劑的抗藥性略高於埃及斑蚊幼蟲，各地區斑蚊幼蟲對亞培松均不具抗藥性（RR50 = 0.9～2.7）。再於2010年採集南部地區埃及斑蚊，使用群集分析法分別將各品系埃及斑蚊幼蟲對百滅寧的抗性比值進行分群。結果於實驗室以百滅寧持續進行藥劑選汰的抗性對照LYPR(640SF3)品系對百滅寧呈現極高度抗性，第二群包括抗性對照LYPR(F3)品系、高雄市苓雅區及鳳山南區品系，均對百滅寧具高度抗性，顯示於實驗室以單一種藥劑進行藥劑篩選與田間持續進行登革熱的化學防治，都會使埃及斑蚊對百滅寧產生抗藥性。台南、屏東及其他高雄地區的品系為第三群，對百滅寧呈現低度到中度的抗藥性。而抗性對照品系LYPR(640SF3)、LYPR(F3)及南部地區埃及斑蚊對亞培松仍具高度敏感性。
並列摘要
In 2008, Aedes mosquito larvae from the laboratory susceptible strains, the NS and Linkou strains, as well as from ten field populations from both Tainan and Kaohsiung city were collected. They were then studied using the World Health Organization (WHO) bioassay technique. Insecticides evaluated included pyrethroids permethrin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate and pyrethrin, organophosphates temephos, chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion and pirimiphos-methyl. We demonstrated that Ae. aegypti were more resistant to pyrethroids than Ae. albopictus. Field strains of Ae. aegypti larvae, except for the Guanmiao strain, exhibited a high level of resistance to permethrin (RR50, 41.5-90.7). In the same collection areas, Ae. albopictus larvae only exhibited a low level of resistance to permethrin (RR50, 1.1-2.0). Evidence is presented that Ae. albopictus has a lower susceptibility to organophosphates than Ae. aegypti. All Aedes mosquito larvae were susceptible to temephos (RR50, 0.9-2.7). Cluster analysis was conducted using the average between-groups linkage for permethrin RR50 of the Ae. aegypti larvae to detect natural data grouping, as well as the distance of the field population from the NS susceptible strains in 2010. An extremely high level of resistance was observed for the LYPR(640SF3) strain, which was selected in the laboratory for its high resistance to permethrin. The LYPR(F3) strain consisted of the Lingya and Southern Fengshan strains, which were collected from districts in Kaohsiung city with higher dengue incidence, exhibited a high level of resistance to permethrin. The resistance of Ae. Aegypti to permethrin is characterized by evolution under continued insecticide selection in the laboratory and through chemical control in the field. All Ae. aegypti larvae remained susceptible to temephos in 2010, including the permethrin resistant strains of LYPR(640SF3) and LYPR(F3). Controlling the Aedes mosquito larvae using an operational dosage of 1 mg/L temephos has been recommended since 1987, and complete mortality for all strains is achieved after 24 hours.