- 期刊
黑面琵鷺C1型肉毒梭狀桿菌毒素中毒症
Case Report: Outbreaks of Botulism Due to Type C1 Toxin in Black-faced Spoonbills (Platalea minor)
摘要
台南縣七股鄉之東漁塭與北漁塭，於2002年12月9日爆發保育類鳥類-黑面琵鷺群體死亡之疫情，之後陸續於12月21日及2003年1月3日又再度發生死亡情形，在此3波之死亡鳥隻共計73隻。發病鳥隻可見呼吸困難而呈現開口呼吸、軟頸、羽翼垂落及昏迷死亡等臨床症狀。死亡島隻內臟器官則無明顯的肉眼及組織病變。探取病鳥胃及腸內容物進行細菌分離及鑑定，可分離出肉毒梭狀桿菌。此外將胃內容物上清液及病鳥血清分別與肉毒桿菌C1，型及D型抗毒素血清混合然後分別接種於小白鼠腹腔內，結果僅肉毒桿菌C1型抗毒素處理組全部存活下來。以PCR檢測病鳥胃內容物及排泄物之肉毒桿菌C1毒素產毒基因為陽性，經定序比對後，與Clostridium botulinum（AB037166.1）相似度高達100%。故本病例依臨床症狀、病理學、動物接種試驗與細菌分離鑑定及分生診斷結果，診斷為黑面琵鷺C1型肉毒梭狀桿菌毒素中毒症。於2004年12月22、23日又再度發生2隻中毒病例，經緊急注射C1型毒素抗血清治療後未有死亡發生。
並列摘要
Three outbreaks of botulism occurred in black-faced spoonbills on December 9 and 21, 2002 and January 3, 2003 at the eastern and the northern fishponds in Chiku Hsiang, Tainan County, Taiwan. A total of seventy three birds died in these outbreaks. The clinical signs were respiratory distress, open mouth breathing, paralysis of legs, wings and necks, comatose and death. No remarkable lesions could be detected grossly and histopathologically. Clostridium botulinum were isolated from the gastrointestinal contents. Gastric supernatants and serum obtained from sicked birds were mingled with Clostridium botulinum type C1 and D antiserum, respectively, and then were intraperitoneally inoculated into mice. All the mice were survived only in the type C1 antiserum treated group. The PCR assay for Clostridium botulinum type C 1 toxin gene from the gastric contents and feces revealed positive reaction. Compared the nucleotide sequences of our PCR products with the type C1 toxin gene (AB037166.1) of Clostridium botulinum, their identity was high up to 100%. The outbreaks were diagnosed as botulism due to Clostridium botulinum type C1 toxin on the bases of clinical signs, pathological lesions, bacterial isolation, mouse inoculation, PCR assay and nucleotide sequencing. Recurrence of botulism was submitted in two black-faced spoonbills on December 22 and 23, 2004. The birds were survived following treatment with Clostridium botulinum type C1 antitoxin serum.