Hyperkalemia is one of the most common clinical problems. When severe hyperkalemia occurs, it may cause muscle weakness, arrhythmia and other problems that increase the risk of death. We introduce the definition of hyperkalemia, a physiological regulation mechanism, diagnosis and examination, clinical manifestations, classifications of severity, treatment and monitoring, and propose health education for patients with hyperkalemia. Improving nurses' competency of caring for hyperkalemia patients and providing feasible evidence-based practice are expected.