國小學童身體質量指數發展分析

Development of Body Mass Index in Elementary Students

徐菀謙(Wan-Chien Hsu) ； 林貴福(Kuei-Fu Lin)

《運動生理暨體能學報》 11輯 (2010/12) Pp. 13-24

https://doi.org/10.6127/JEPF.2010.11.02

Abstracts

目的：身體質量指數(body mass index, BMI)是目前計算身體組成最簡便迅速的方式，教育部也使用身體質量指數作為國小學童身體組成的指標。檢視國內國小學童的肥胖比例有越來越高的趨勢，雖有定期測量學童身高與體重，但應藉由身體質量指數監控學童的成長速率是否正常，以便能提供適時進行矯正或治療的契機。方法：本文收集學童身高與體重之相關文獻，探討國小學童隨年齡增加的身體質量指數發展趨勢，與體重過重及肥胖情形，並以教育部BMI常模與世界衛生組織BMI常模比較國際與國內之異同。結語：教育部10-13歲男童BMI常模85百分位BMI為23-25kg/平方公尺，相當於世界衛生組織10-13歲男童BMI常模95百分位BMI為22.9-24.8kg/平方公尺，而女童也有類似的情形。因此教育部BMI常模可能會低估學童的過重與肥胖，而錯失及早預防與治療的機會。學童的生長受到環境、營養、身體活動及遺傳等多種因素影響，尤其兒童肥胖盛行且危及身體健康，應鼓勵學童保持動態生活、健康飲食及足夠的身體活動量。

Keywords

國小學童 ； 身體質量指數 ； 生長發展 ； 身高 ； 體重

Parallel abstracts

Purpose: Body Mass Index (BMI) is the most convenient tool to assess body composition, and the Ministry of Education adopts it to evaluate body composition of elementary students. Due to the increasing rate of obesity prevalence, although height and weight is periodically measured, it is recommended to further monitor whether the development of BMI in elementary students is normal to determine the necessity of modification or treatment as early as possible. Methods: The present article reviewed related articles of height and weight, investigated the development of BMI with growing in elementary students, and explored the prevalence of overweight and obesity. Summary: The 85(superscript th) percentile of BMI in 10-13 yr boys announced by the Ministry of Education was 23-25kg/m^2, which corresponded to the 95(superscript th) percentile in WHO's report (22.9-24.8kg/m^2). The data from girls' side was quite similar. According to this information, the data from Ministry of Education might underestimate the situation of overweight and obesity in Taiwan elementary students. Hence, the opportunity of prevention and treatment for overweight and obesity early was missed. The development of elementary students was influenced by diverse factors, such as environment, nutrition, physical activity, inheritance, and so on. Because childhood obesity is harmful to health, we should encourage elementary students to engage in active living, healthy diet, and sufficient physical activity.

Parallel keywords

elementary students ； body mass index BMI ； development ； height ； weight

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