從失業到就業—中度成人自閉症就業經驗之個案研究

自閉症成人就業相關研究不多，且其異質性及複雜度更增添了就業的困難。本研究透過個案研究方式，深入了解中度自閉症成人伴隨其他障礙之就業經歷，探討其失業的原因及成功再就業之歷程。本研究採質性研究之個案研究法，以觀察、個別深度訪談與文件分析等方法，以半結構式訪談法來蒐集資料，了解與分析個案就業歷程，最後進行三角驗證及歸納整理。研究結果為（一）個案身分大學才確認，畢業後至中小學任教。（二）個案就業困難本於障礙核心困難及習慣。（三）個案因轉念、改變、貴人相助成功就業。研究結論為（一）個案就業經歷分為大學在學跟大學畢業後，大學擔任鐘點時數的工讀生跟擔任課後輔導小老師，大學畢業後以教職工作為主，擔任課後學習扶助老師、代課老師、補習班老師。每一段工作未超過一年，離職主因是常做錯決定跟人際問題、重複固執行為跟想法等。（二）個案就業主要困難有二：1.自閉症之核心困難跟思覺失調症共病影響。2.個案外型與職業形象不搭，生活管理不佳。（三）個案克服就業的困難，成功再就業的原因有三，分別為：1.前車之鑑—個案痛改前非。2.貴人提點—改變思考模式、善用自我決策。3.好習慣養成—個案開始注重管理個人衛生、服儀、健康及金錢使用。

關鍵字

中度自閉症成人；就業；自我決策

並列摘要

I. Objective: There are not many studies related to the employment of autistic adults, and the complex heterogeneity of them adds to the difficulty of employment. This study used a case study method to gain an in-depth understanding of the employment experience of an adult with moderate autism accompanied by other disabilities, and explored the reasons for their unemployment and their successful re-employment process. II. Methods: This study adopted the case study method in qualitative research, mainly using methods such as observation, individual in-depth interviews and document analysis, and semi-structured interviews to collect data, understood and analyzed the employment process of the case, and finally conducted triangulation verification and summarized. III. Results: 1. The identity of the case was confirmed only in college, and after graduation, he taught in primary and secondary schools. 2. The employment difficulty of the case was due to the core difficulties and habits of the disabilities. 3. The case was successfully re-employed due to change of mind, change of bad habits and the help of benefactor. IV. Conclusion: 1. The employment experience of the case was divided into that in college and after graduation, working as a part-time work-study student in the university and as an after-school tutoring teacher. After graduating from the university, the main employment experience was as a teacher, serving as an after-school learning support teacher, substitute teacher, tutorial teacher. Each job lasted less than a year, and the main reasons for leaving were frequent wrong decisions, interpersonal problems, and repeated stubborn behaviors and thoughts. 2. There were two main difficulties in employment for the case: (1) The core difficulties of autism and schizophrenia. (2) The patient's appearance did not match his professional image and his life management was poor. 3. There are three reasons summarized of the case who overcame employment difficulties and successfully re-employed: (1) Lessons from past mistakes: the case had completely rectified one's errors thoroughly. (2) Tips from benefactor: the case changed his thinking mode and made good use of his own decision-making. (3) Developing good habits: the case began to pay attention to managing personal hygiene, dress, health and money use.