- 會議論文
北魏《崔氏食經》的歷史與文化意義
The Historical and Cultural Significance of Master Ts'ui's Recipes
摘要
隋書經籍志子部醫方類條下，有《崔氏食經》問卷，不著撰人。兩唐書經籍藝文志，作《食經》九卷，崔浩撰。崔浩在北魏太武帝時代，因推行他的世族政治理想，引發的南北政治鬥爭中被殺，株連甚廣，包括了他的家庭與支持者，這是魏晉南北朝史中有名的《國史之獄》。《崔氏食經》在唐以後軼散，但北魏賈勰的《齊民要術》中，都保存了部份《食經》的材料，《魏書》〈崔浩本傳〉又記載了《食經》完整的序文。透過這些材料，可以發現《崔氏食經》，不單純是一部烹調之作，其中反映了當時中原地位，大家世族的生活與經濟情況，及崔浩個人的政治與文化理想。因此，透過對《崔氏食經》的探索，或者可以對近代學者關於崔浩之死的討論，提供另一種解釋。《崔氏食經》的作者崔浩，於北魏太武帝真君十一年（四五○）六月被殺。並且株連了他的宗族姻戚和追隨者數百人，同遭殺戮。罪名是《書國事備而不典》（註一），這是中國歷史上著名的「國史之獄」。但由於魏書對這次大獄的記載，語焉不詳，言多淆混。引起過去與現代史學家，對這個因文化接觸引起的殘酷政治問題，進行各方面的探索，似已得到接近性的結論。（註二）崔浩是北魏前期重要的政治人物與學術領袖，有許多關於儒家經典注釋和史學著作。在這許多著作中竟有一部食經。而且這部《崔氏食經》，也是中國目錄文獻記載中，最早的一部關於飲食烹調著作。崔浩的許多重要著作都已亡佚。但《崔氏食經》卻因賈勰《齊民要術》引用，意外地保留了豐富的資料。從這些留下的資料中發現，崔浩在領導學術研究和日理萬機之餘，竟有餘閒暇關心飲食細事。的確使人感到非常有趣，同時也是值得探討的問題。本文分別從一《崔氏食經》與《崔浩食經》，二《齊民要術》與《崔氏食經》，三《崔氏食經》與胡漢雜揉的文化形態、討論《崔氏食經》的歷史與文化意義。
關鍵字
無資料並列摘要
The medical section of the Sui-shu (隋書) contains four volumes of Recipes of Master Ts'ui, author unknown. Nine volumes of ＂Recipes＂ authored by Ts'ui Hao are included in the bibliographical sketches of Chiu T'ang- shu (舊唐書) and Hsin T'ang-shu (新唐書). During the reign of emperor T'ai Wu-Ti of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Ts'ui Hao, was killed 450AD during the north/south political conflict for promoting his ideals of familial politics. Members of Ts'ui Hao's family as well as his supporters lost their live , too. As a result, this period in Wei-Chin & Northern and Southern Dynasties was called ＂the imprisonment of National History.＂ The Recipes of Master Ts'ui were scattered after the Tang Dynasty. However, Ch'i min Yao-shu(齊民要術) written by Chia Ssu of the Northern Wei preserves a portion of the materials from Recipes, and the biography of Ts'ui Hao in the Wei-shu(魏書) records the preface of Recipes in its entirety. Through studying these materials it can be seen that Recipies of Master Ts'ui is not simply a collection of food preparation methods, but a work that reflects the lifestyle and economic situation of the period, as well as the political and cultural ideals of Ts'ui Hao. An investigation into the Recipes of Master Ts'ui may offer another explanation to present-day scholars investigating the death of Ts'ui Hao.