Spatial Distribution of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) with Special Inferences from its Behavior of Collective Egg Deposition, Life Type, and Dispersal Activities

二點菜螨Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)之空間分布與其聚集性產卵行為、生命型、分散活動力之探討

施劍鎣(Shih, C.I.) ； 王前智(Wang, C.J.)

《中華昆蟲》 16卷4期 (1996/12) Pp. vii+287-302

https://doi.org/10.6660/TESFE.1996028

摘要

Aggregate spatial distribution of the population of Tetranychus urticae Koch (TSM) in a carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.) orchard was evaluated by the index of dispersion (ID), Green's coefficient of dispersion (Cx), Lloyd's mean crowding index (mc), Leoyd's patchiness index (mc/m), Morisita's coefficients of dispersion (I, I), Taylor's power law(a, b), and Iwao's patchiness regression (a, b). The magnitudes of the fluctuation of ID, Cx, and me values were positively correlated with the incremental densities of TSM, but I, and I were negatively or independently correlated. The estimated slopes, b from the regression analyses with Taylor's power law on variances over means were larger than 1, indicating that each stage-specific population of TSM was an aggreagte one. Iwao's patchiness regression analyses on mean crowding over means of TSM showed that the TSM poplation is aggreagte within and among the patches. The high degrees of aggregation of TSM and patchiness of egg and larval populations of TSM were inferred to be the results of life type and collective egg deposition behavior of the females within the patch; The discrepant processes of distribution patterns represent the consequences of the dispersion behaviors of the high active stages of nymphs and adults that are very different from those of the immobile egg and larval stages.

關鍵字

Tetranychus urticae ； spatial distribution ； dispersion index ； dispersion coefficient ； behavior

並列摘要

二點葉螨（Tetranychus urticae Koch（Acari:Tetranychidae））於楊桃（Averrhoa carambola L.）園內之族群密度資料，依分散指數（Index of Dispersion, ID），Green's分散係散（Green's coefficient of dispersion. Cx），平均擁擠指數（Lloyd's mean crowding index, me），聚落度指數（Lloyd’s patchiness index, mc/m），Morisita's分散係數（Morisita's coefficient of dispersion,Iα,Iβ）等，均顯示二點葉螨於楊桃園中呈聚集型之空間分布。ID、Cx及MC值大小與其密度呈正相關，但Iα及Iβ值則與其密度呈負相關關係或無關。由泰勒乘冪定律（Taylor's power law）所獲之斜率（b）值均大於一，二點葉螨各期於楊桃園中屬聚集型分布。依Iwao聚落度迴歸（Iwao’s patchiness regression）獲二點葉螨各齡期之α、β值判定，二點葉螨之卵、幼螨、若螨及雌成螨之族群基本組成單位為聚落或群體（patch or colony），且各聚落間成聚集型之。二點葉螨雌成螨巢絲結網及產卵行為，為影響其卵及幼螨族群呈現聚集型聚落分布型之主因。若螨及成螨期空間分布之聚集程度變化，為該等齡期受密度影響而呈現其分散行為之表徵。

並列關鍵字

二點葉璊 ； 空間分布 ； 空間指數 ； 分散係數 ； 行為