- 學位論文
以關鍵技術法探討未來台灣水產養殖生物科技之發展策略
Applying Critical Technology Method to Discuss the Future Development Strategies of Aquaculture Biotechnology in Taiwan
摘要
水產養殖業在台灣一直扮演重要的角色，不但為重要動物性蛋白質之來源，更為台灣爭取到釵h外匯，且精湛的養殖技術深受國際間肯定。然而隨著水產養殖技術進步，及近年政府積極從事有關水產養殖生產型態的轉型與結構的調整，使得密集式養殖更加普遍化。為了提高水產養殖經營效率，國內諸多學者專家均建議台灣水產養殖業發展應結合現在正蓬勃發展之生物科技，以達到增強疾病抵抗力，改善生產力、降低對環境生態傷害等之弁遄C為了瞭解目前台灣水產養殖生物科技之發展現況所處階段，本研究彙整學者專家之看法，分析台灣水產養殖生物科技發展處於何種階段，是否仍具有發展空間以及潛力。 水產養殖生物科技是未來水產養殖業發展重點方向，國內諸多文獻對台灣未來水產養殖生物科技之發展，已提出了相當多的看法與建議。由於其應用之範圍廣泛加以國家資源有限，在此情況下勢必篩選具發展潛力與競爭優勢之技術並加強投資。因此，為了建立一客觀之評估平台衡量各項生物技術之重要性，本研究就各先進國家所使用之前瞻技術之發展策略評估平台進行比較分析。本研究發現，荷蘭所採用之關鍵技術法，其評估平台對於各項重要技術所提供給產業之經濟價值與競爭優勢皆有客觀之定量分析，所以本文參考荷蘭所採用之研究方法，並配合我國產業背景與總體環境進行實證分析。 最後，本研究亦嘗試分析適合台灣水產養殖生物科技研發之策略組合，以提供政府與業界做為推動水產養殖生物科技發展之參考。茲將本文研究結果整理如下： 一、經由彙整諸多學者與專家之意見後發現，釵h學者認為生物科技目前仍處於萌芽期，也因其所應用的領域非常廣泛，未來前景看好，而被視為未來二十一世紀重要新興產業。 二、本研究以問卷調查之方式，對台灣水產養殖生物科技公司與從事水產養殖生物科技發展研究之學者專家進行調查與資料的蒐集，並藉由本研究所建立之評估平台來進行分析。研究結果顯示，優質水產種苗對於產業具有較高之經濟貢獻度，而且也提供產業高度競爭力，因此優質水產種苗之研發可視為台灣水產養殖生物科技未來發展的重點方向。 三、未來水產養殖生技公司在進行策略組合評估時，可以考慮將投資重點礎b金牛事業(Cash Cows)，包括優質水產種苗以及生產技術，其未來較能帶給廠商業者豐富之利潤；而明日之星事業(Stars)包括生產設備、魚病防治、飼料添加物以及環境改良等四項，在業者投資下，其可能往金牛事業的方向前進而帶給公司豐厚之收益；當公司廠商仍有餘裕資金時，可以考慮投資潛力事業(Problem Children)包括了基因轉殖、弁鄔夆穧]、新品種研發以及生物修補劑，這些事業仍具發展潛力，但相對也比較具有風險性。
並列摘要
The aquaculture industry has all the time played an important role in Taiwan, it not only provides the source of important animalistic protein, but also gains lots of foreign exchange for Taiwan, what’s more, the exquisite cultivation technology is definitely affirmed internationally. However, with the progress of aquaculture technology, and in recent years the government in actively engaged in the transformation and adjustment in the structure of aquaculture production, causing the intensive cultivation even more pervasive. In order to enhance the management efficiency in aquaculture, many domestic scholars suggest that the aquaculture industry should be integrated with the vigorously booming biotechnology, with a view to achieving the goal of enhancing disease resistivity, improving productivity, and reducing the damage to the environment. To understand the present situation of Taiwan’s aquaculture biotechnology, this research collects viewpoints of scholars and experts, analyzing the stage of progress of Taiwan’s aquaculture biotechnology development, whether or not it still has the development space as well as the potential. The aquaculture biotechnology will be the main direction that future aquaculture industry moves forward to, and many scholars and experts have proposed quite many views and suggestions for the development of aquaculture biotechnology in Taiwan. But due to the wide scope in application and limited national resources, it is inevitably that we should screen the technology that is full of the potential for development and competitive advantage and strengthen the investment in it. Therefore, in order to establish and objective platform to evaluate the importance of each biological technology, this research uses each advanced countries’ forward-looking strategies platform to analyze the problems related. After carrying on the comparative analysis, it is discovered that the Critical Technology Method modified by Holland provided the objective quantitative analysis with economic value and the competitive advantage to the industry regarding each important technology. Therefore, this research refers to the case in Holland, and coordinates Taiwan industry background and the overall environment in the empirical analysis. Finally, this research also attempts to analyze strategies of combinations that is suitable for Taiwan’s aquaculture biotechnology to provide references for the government and the industry in aquaculture biotechnology development. The conclusions of this research is sorted as follows: 1.After collecting the opinions of many scholars and the experts, we discover that many of them consider the biotechnology at present is still in the introduction stage, and due to its vast fields of applications and promising futures, it is considered to be the future 21st century most important emerging industries. 2.This research adopts the method of questionnaire survey to inquire those aquaculture biotechnology companies and the aquaculture biotechnology scholars in Taiwan, and carry on the analyses of related problems by using the platforms of evaluation. The findings showed that high quality of fries and they have higher economical contributions to the industry, moreover, also provide the industry with high competitiveness. Therefore the research and development on high quality fries are regarded as the main direction of Taiwan’s aquaculture biotechnology in the future. 3.When assessing the strategy combinations in the future, the aquaculture biotechnology companies will be allowed to put emphasis on the investment of “Cash Cows”, including the high quality fries and the production technology, its will bring the companies lots of profit. But the “Stars”, including production equipments, the prevention and control of fish disease, the feed supplements and the environmental improvements, under industry the investment, it then will possibly take the companies toward the direction of the “Cash Cow” enterprise and gain munificent income. When the companies still have funds available, they may consider to investing in “Problem Children” enterprise, including the transgenic, the functional gene, the new variety research and the biology repair medicament. These enterprises still have the development potential, but in contrast they are operated more riskily.