摘要
異位性皮膚炎在犬隻為一常見的過敏性皮膚疾病，而早年發病、遺傳相關以及產生具抗原特異性之IgE為其特徵。過敏原皮內測試為此疾病的最終確診方式，同時也是辨認過敏原種類的依據。在人類和犬隻的研究中皆發現體表的黴菌感染為異位性皮膚炎控制失敗時的原因之一。此篇論文包含兩個部份研究，一為異位性皮膚炎犬隻皮內測試陽性結果之發生率，二為異位性皮膚炎犬隻體表黴菌盛行率之調查。第一部份研究指出家塵為本次研究中最常見的過敏原(72%)，其次依序為歐洲室塵螨(70%)、美洲室塵螨(70%)、室塵螨混合物(68%)與昆蟲混合物(33%)。而家塵與塵螨混合物(P < 0.0001)及歐洲室塵螨(P < 0.05)的陽性結果間有顯著相關性。雄性犬隻較雌性犬隻具感受性(P = 0.006)。共計51犬隻(72%)於3歲前即出現臨床症狀。第二部份研究指出在異位性皮膚炎犬隻之皮癬菌盛行率為56%(52/93)。在黴菌培養結果中，Microsporum canis 為最常見之皮癬菌(7%, 6/93)，而Malassezia pachydermatis 與嗜土菌的分離率各為10%與12%。小於1歲犬隻對於體表黴菌感染有明顯感受性(P < 0.001)，而性別與種別於疾病感染上則無顯著差異。
並列摘要
Atopic dermatitis is a common canine allergic skin disease with characteristics of genetic predisposition, early onset of clinical signs, and antigen-specific IgE antibodies. Definitive diagnosis of canine atopic dermatitis and identification of the offending allergens were based on the intradermal skin test. Both in humans and dogs, superficial mycosis was considered an aggravating factor in the control of atopic dermatitis. This thesis includes two studies, to evaluate the prevalence of positive intradermal skin test reactions in dogs with atopic dermatitis and the prevalence of cutaneous mycosis in atopic dogs. Results of the first study showed that house dust (72%) was the most common allergen in the tested dogs, followed by Dermatophagoides farinae (70%), D. pteronyssinus (70%), house mite mix (68%) and an insect mix (33%). Dogs with positive reactions to house dust also had reactions that positively correlated with reactions to mite mix (P < 0.0001) and to D. pteronyssinus (P < 0.05). Fifty-one dogs (72%) exhibited signs of atopic dermatitis before three years of age and this condition was significantly more common in male than female dogs (P=0.006). Results of the second study revealed that the overall prevalence of dermatophytosis in atopic dogs was 56% (52/93) and among the isolates identified, Microsporum canis was the most common dermatophyte (7%, 6/93). Malassezia pachydermatis was isolated in 10% (9/93) of the dogs and the saprophyte carriage rate was 12% (11/93). Dogs less than one year of age were significantly susceptible to cutaneous mycoses (P<0.001) and the infection was not affected by breed or gender.