- 學位論文
以視覺模擬研究機車駕駛人於指示標誌明視距離之差異
Study on Difference for Legibility Distance of Guide Sign by Using Visual Simulation
摘要
鑒於交通部運研所最近實施的「親和性指示標誌更新計畫」，欲將台灣道路指示標誌做一改變，將原有的表格式指示標誌更新為分叉式指示標誌。目前已在台北縣淡水一帶的台二線與台二乙線路段設置分叉式指示標誌，但在更新時並未有任何的研究與實驗依據，而兩種型式之牌面差異為何？我們不得而知，如此必定會衍生一些交通問題。究竟何者能有效傳遞訊息？究竟兩者間在不同情況下明視距離及設置位置的差異乃是本研究的重點。 根據2007年臺北市交通事故特性分析報告指出，2007年間因為交通事故而死亡的人數為94人，其中機車占52.1%，為車種中最高。特別值得注意的是，29歲以下的死亡人數佔59.2%，因此實驗中以年輕機車駕駛人為研究對象。近年來，由於科技日新月異，在電腦軟體及螢幕的精進下，透過3D模擬軟體的製作，已經可使實驗環境與現實環境相當逼真，故本研究將利用電腦視覺模擬的方式，建構一虛擬道路場景，進行視覺模擬實驗。經由一連串的模擬影像校正及標誌放大的實驗後，建立一貼近現實的模擬道路場景。 研究結果顯示，當速率與地名資訊數增加，皆會使分叉式及表格式指示標誌明視距離降低，表格式降低幅度較大；而設置位置以右方懸掛能提供較長的明視距離，但在統計上並不顯著。分叉式指示標誌所能提供的明視距離約高於表格式10%~25%之多，能多給予機車駕駛人0.4秒~2.83秒的決策反應時間。 最後在標誌設置位置部分，利用實驗所得之數據套用標誌設置位置公式，發現傳統表格式指示標誌的設置位置略顯不足，而分叉式指示標誌則符合現有設置標準。
並列摘要
According to the new plan called “the affinity guidance sign renewal plan” which was implemented by the Institute of Transportation of MOTC, they want to change the road signs from traditional stack type signs to map type signs. The new map type signs have already been set on Province highway No.2 and 2-second. But there is not any experiment and research about it. We can’t know what deference between two signs in the real world. It must bring another traffic problem. Which one can provide motor drivers further legibility distance? Therefore, the objectives of study focus on the difference of position of setting and legibility distance in various situations. According to the statistics of traffic accident characteristics of Taipei in 2007, it showed 94 people died from traffic accidents; the motorcycle was the highest (52.1%) of all. People under 29 years old were nearly 59.2% of all accidents. So our experiment will focus on young motorcycle drivers. Owing to the faster and faster progressive technology, the image of computers and screens are more and more real. This experiment will use computers to establish a visual simulation environment. After a series calibration of sign and validation on legibility distance of sign, the more real traffic visual simulation was established. The result showed that when the velocity and the geographical name information number increases, the legibility distance of stack type and map type signs would decrease. But the stack type sign would be more than the map type sign. In the position of installation, the right hanging could provide further legibility distance for two signs, although it was not statistically remarkable. The map type sign could provide additional 10%~25% legibility distance to young motorcycle drivers. And it increased 0.4 seconds to 2.83 seconds than stack type one for young motorcycle drivers. Finally, we use a traditional sign position formula to calculate sign position. The result showed that the stack type sign couldn’t provide enough legibility distance by using existing standard. The map type sign is applicable.