- 學位論文
住宅一氧化碳中毒防範措施之評估
Evaluation Of Preventive Measures Against Residential Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
摘要
因受到大陸冷氣團及季風影響，台灣冬季氣候寒冷，民眾常有緊閉門窗導致環境通風不良情形，此時如有燃氣熱水器或其他燃氣設施使用不當，極易形成一氧化碳；而一氧化碳無色、無味、無臭的特性，很容易讓人在沒有警覺的狀況下失去性命，因此一氧化碳中毒如何防範的議題，一直以來都受到政府的高度重視。為了避免此類不幸事故發生，經政府機關採取宣導、立法管制熱水器承裝作為，甚至鼓勵民眾設置一氧化碳警報器、遷移熱水器等相關措施後，96年度之一氧化碳中毒事件為41件次，導致15人死亡、90人受傷，與94、95年度相較，災害相關數據呈現下降趨勢，然而97年度卻發生68件、13人死亡、155人受傷，件數及受傷人數有增加情形，顯見政府相關單位還有努力的空間。 本篇論文的目的，係以統計分析法說明近年來國內外一氧化碳中毒事件數據，文獻蒐集與回顧法說明燃器熱水器類型與一氧化碳生成關係，及國外防範一氧化碳中毒相關規定；並針對國內燃氣熱水器承裝制度、建築相關法令、政府補助措施、消防法修正草案內容等，於了解執行情形及缺失後，依國內民情及參考國外法規提具建議，期做為完備國內相關防範措施之參考。
並列摘要
Gas water heaters and other gas heating devices are used in Taiwan, especially in chilly winters resulting from monsoons and continental cold fronts. However, during this period of time, their misuse coupled with poor ventilation and tight shut doors and windows form frequent causes for carbon monoxide (CO) exposure. Colorless, odorless and tasteless, CO is a silent killer that can easily claim lives before anyone is aware of its presence. Consequently, CO poisoning prevention issues have long been high on the government’s agenda and many efforts have been made to avert these unfortunate incidents, including public education, regulations on water heater installation and even the promotion of CO detector installation and water heater relocation. The result is 41 CO poisoning incidents accounting for 15 deaths and 90 injuries in 2007, a decrease compared to 2005 and 2006. Yet, The rebound in 2008 to 68 incidents with 13 deaths and 155 injuries demonstrates the government still has room for improvement. This paper aims to serve as a reference for improving Taiwan’s CO poisoning preventative measures through a series of assessments. First, domestic and international statistics on CO intoxication were presented using the statistical analysis method. Next, a document review of relevant studies was used to illuminate the correlation between gas water heater types and CO exposure potential as well as CO-poisoning preventing ordinances in other countries. Last, after evaluating the implementation and flaws in Taiwan’s gas water heater installation regulations, relevant building codes, government subsidies, amended draft fire code, etc, and consulting relevant international ordinances and local circumstances, this paper will make suggestions for national preventive measures.