- 學位論文
都市夜間環境之光害調查以台北市為例
An investigation of light pollution at night with reference to Taipei
摘要
日光是觸手可及的能源，提供了人類視覺感官的基本條件，而日落後的黑夜，則由照明設備補足了沒有光線的缺憾，並使得工作與活動可延伸到夜晚。隨著科技的進步，材料發展的突破，照明設備所被賦予的功能，已不僅止於提供夜間環境的照明功能，而是被大量的運用在廣告效果與照明設計的手法上，透過光雕並可表現出不同的文化特質與城市印象。 然而，隨著環境保護意識的抬頭，夜間不當使用的照明設備，對於環境的所造成的負面影響，可分為能源的消耗與不當使用引起的光害等兩大議題。照明設備的使用應是具有正向且無傷害性的，但光害之所以列為世界第四大汙染，主要是在於照明設備不當的使用，引起的生態系統失調、物種滅絕的危機，且能源不當的消耗，相對造成溫室氣體（greenhouse gases）的環境負荷，不當的使用照明設備，所引起的光害亦使人類的生活起居受到干擾與與健康的危害等。 台灣地區近年來在夜間照明設施的研究中，多以交通運輸、農業生產與稀有動物保育為主要重點，都市環境中光害現象卻少有提及。本研究主要以現場實測為主，量測區域包含台北市舊市中心區，透過天際線的照度量測，進以計算法轉換為輝度後，與國際上之標準相對應，發現商業區中因廣告用相關設施的使用，另外因國內沒有相關管制規章，致使照明設備的投光角度未受到規範，光線散射於天空中的比例甚高。國內應積極的制定相關戶外照明設備的相關管制規範，以降低光害對於環境的汙染。
並列摘要
Sunlight is an easily obtainable source of energy, it provides basic conditions for human beings’ sense of vision; while in the dark night after sunset, the lack of light is made up by lighting devices, and thus human beings’ activities may extended into the nighttime. With the advancement of technology and the breakthrough of the development of materials, the functions of light devices are not merely giving illumination at night, they are largely used in advertisement effects and the technique of illumination design, such as light carving which can exhibit distinguished cultural characteristics and city impressions. However, in the wake of the sense of environmental protection, the lighting devices improperly used at night has brought about negative impacts on the environment, which consist of two major issues, these are the excessive consumption of energy resources and the light pollution caused by improper use. The utilization of lighting devices was supposed to be positive and harmless, but light pollution has now ranked as the fourth major pollution of the world, it is mainly due to the improper use of lighting devices which has resulted in the crises of the maladjustment of the ecosystem and the extinction of species, and furthermore, the excessive consumption of energy sources has also caused an environment burden of greenhouse gases. In addition, the light pollution caused by the improper use of lighting devices also makes interference with the daily life of human beings and does harm to health. In the researches on night illumination facilities in the Taiwan area in recent years, most of the key points were put on communications and transportation, agricultural production and the conservation of rare animals, few were mentioned as to the light pollution in the urban environment. This research principally adopts on-the-spot measurement; the survey area includes Taipei’s old downtown, through the measurement of the illuminance of the sky line, which is converted into sky glow degrees by calculation and then compared with the international standard, it was found that because of there are no governing laws and criteria for the use of the advertisement-related facilities in the business district, the project angles of illumination devices are not restrained and the light projects into the sky directly, as such, the sky glow degrees increase and cause serious light pollution.