- 學位論文
某大學大體解剖實驗室於整體換氣系統下甲醛擴散與人員甲醛暴露之評估
Evaluation of Formaldehyde Diffusion and Personal Exposure in a University Gross Anatomy Laboratory with General Ventilation System
摘要
解剖實驗進行時，人員甲醛暴露的問題和健康效應的關係已在許多篇文章中討論，為了降低人員甲醛暴露，下吸式的解剖台也已被設計，但因空間以及經費的考量下，目前大部分的學校還是以整體換氣為主。因此，改善整體換氣是否能有效降低人員之甲醛暴露值得關切。本研究之主要目的是評估不同整體換氣狀況下，不同活動位置之人員甲醛暴露情形，並同時對實驗室之區域以及個人進行採樣，作為暴露劑量之確切評估及暴露控制之參考。 本研究所有樣本皆在解剖實驗課進行時採樣得之。整體換氣率係以Alnor balomete量測供氣口以及排氣口之通風量；甲醛採樣分為實驗室前、中、後段三點之區域採樣以及個人採樣，另一為大體解剖時，依不同操刀位置、不同活動區域，模擬人員呼吸帶位置之定點採樣，共有距大體上方15公分、35公分、解剖台左側、右側、前方書架以及後方排氣口等六個採樣點，在不同空調狀況下，每小時採樣一次。代表實驗室平均濃度之區域樣本每週採一次，為期12週；人員呼吸帶定點採樣共執行六次。 實驗室甲醛平均濃度( GM,SE )為( 0.31,0.23 )ppm（0.05~1.00ppm）、個人甲醛平均濃度( GM,SE )為( 0.75,0.12 )；人員活動位置樣本，距大體上方15公分處平均濃度( GM,SE )為( 3.03,0.31 )ppm，其全部樣本濃度均超過1ppm；大體上方35公分處平均濃度( GM,SE )為( 1.15,0.09 )ppm，解剖台四周之其他樣本均未超過1ppm，明顯低於解剖台上方樣本。依Keil等人提出之甲醛散發速率公式換算本大體解剖實驗室甲醛揮發速率為5.63mg/min，若以ACGIH恕限值（0.37 mg/m3）帶入模式，計算得建議排風量為182.71m3/min，而本實驗室之實際排風效率為192.25m3/min，已高於建議值，但在人員靠近大體時，其甲醛暴露值仍高。 達到建議之排風量下，整體換氣可有效降低區域甲醛濃度，卻無法有效降低人員操刀時暴露之甲醛濃度，因此良好的局部排氣設備以及新鮮空氣之置換是必要的。
並列摘要
During the process of dissection, formaldehyde vapors are emitted from the cadavers, which would result in exposure to those in the laboratory. Past studies have demonstrated that medical students and their instructors exposed to elevated levels of formaldehyde vapors. Local exhaust ventilation is a method of source control that has been considered for dissecting tables. But in most gross anatomy laboratory, general ventilation is the common way of controlling exposures and there isn’t any studies demonstrating the formaldehyde concentrations of dissection position .The purpose of this study is to measure the formaldehyde concentrations of dissection positions under the general ventilation condition. The volumetric flow rate of air mechanically supplied and air mechanically exhausted were measured by Alnor balometer. Three areas and six personal dissection positions are measured. All samplings were done during the process of dissection. The area formaldehyde concentration range from 0.05~1.00ppm (GM,SE: 0.31,0.23ppm), and The personal formaldehyde concentration range from 0.04~5.08ppm (GM,SE:0.75,0.12ppm). The formaldehyde concentration of dissection positions range from0.05~5.32ppm (GM,SE:0.60,0.12ppm), 29of108 samples exceeded 1 ppm. All 29 samples are measured in the position of 15cm and 35 cm above cadaver. The emission rate of the case is 5.63mg/min. According to the model, the recommend ventilation rate is 182.71m3/min .This laboratory’s ventilation rate is 192.25 m3/min, which is higher than 182.71 m3/min. But the formaldehyde concentration is still in the high level when the people close to the anatomy. General ventilation reduces the area formaldehyde concentrations, but it can’t reduce the formaldehyde concentrations of personal dissection positions effectively. Local exhaust ventilation is recommended. Design more cheaper ventilation systems to adequately control the formaldehyde exposures are needed.