女人貼身寶貝－內衣經驗的分析

The second skin of a woman -A study of underwear experiences

趙 夏 萍(Hsia-Ping Chao)

指導教授 ： 潘美玲

共同指導教授 ： 陳芬苓(Fen-Ling Chen)

元智大學/資訊學院/資訊社會學研究所/碩士(2006年)

摘要

英國文化研究學者Paul Willis認為：在我們的社會生活中有一個弔詭，也就是說當我們處於最自然，最平常時也就是處於最具有文化特性的狀態。那些我們視為最平常，或是天生的事務或角色，其實都是被建構的、學習而來的，根本不是所謂必然的。內衣的穿著對台灣女人而言是再自然不過的事，然而這件被台灣女人視為最平常的事－穿內衣，並不如想像中那般平常、自然，他其實也是被建構的、學習而來的。「內衣」這個跟女性如此貼身的寶貝，很多女人視為理所當然的穿著習慣，是否真的像大多數人認為的那麼理所當然？本研究由訪談中探索女性的內衣經驗，由廣告內容中分析社會對「雙峰」的要求，以達到探討女性如何看待內衣及內衣對女性身體規訓其中的權力關係。
由研究結果中歸納出內衣對於女性而言所象徵的意義，其一，內衣的穿戴就好比現代女人的成年禮，現代女孩穿上胸罩就象徵成人，要遵守一切屬於女人的規範，社會也開始把穿上胸罩的女孩當成女人看待，內衣的穿戴跟古代成年禮加冠、易服、加笄有意曲同功之妙。其二、內衣就好比女人的制服，當女孩胸部開始發育穿上胸罩，女孩就變成女人，當女人年老色衰，就成為老人，內衣對年老的女人而言變成可有可無，內衣的穿戴成了女人的專利，女人有了專屬的制服－內衣。大多數的女性絲毫不覺得穿胸罩是被壓迫，認為女人穿胸罩是再自然不過的事，若是不穿胸罩，就有招來無數的眼光及負面的評價，穿胸罩變成一種禮貌，每一個人都在監視著女體，禮貌變成了一種規訓，女性身體就在父權體制、美貌神話的運作下，成了被規訓身體。胸罩成為了控制乳房的必備穿著。女人更在禮貌、不能露點的規範下穿上內衣，在社會的凝視下被內衣緊緊束縛，內衣彷彿為胸部的化身。
每一個人的身體都是獨一無二的，接受自己的身體、喜愛自己的身體，才能擺脫美貌神話加諸在女性身上的種種束縛，讓內衣的穿戴與否由女人自己決定，而不在被父權、媒體及消費市場意識形所左右。

關鍵字

乳房 ； 胸罩 ； 規訓 ； 女性自主

並列摘要

English Culture researcher Paul Willis expresses that there is this strangeness in our society. He stated that culturally, people are more special when in the most ordinary and common state. What we take as normal or natural is actually created or learned, it has never been a obsolete necessity. For example, wearing underwear is common for female Taiwanese, but the habit is not as common as perceived. The need to wear underwear is created and learned. Is underwear, a treasured item for many women, really a necessity?
The research expects to discover female underwear experience and the perceive image of “the peaks of a woman” through data analysis. Research findings shows that underwear has two major meanings to a woman. Firstly, underwear is nowadays the rite of passage into womanhood. When a girl puts on her first pair of brassieres she becomes a woman, she then has to follow unspoken rules of a woman and is then treated by the society as a woman. Secondly, underwear is the uniform for women, neither for girls nor for elderly women. Wearing bras became the right of women and most women believe it to be nature and do not fell uncomfortable in it. Besides negative commands are more often than not given to those who do not follow the trend. Later wearing bras began to represent politeness. Politeness then became disciplines. Patriarchy society regulates female body, brassiere controls breasts. Under watchful eyes of the public, underwear turns into the incarnation of breasts, an etiquette bandage.
However, every human body is unique and the only way to free the constrain given by traditional misconception of beauty is to promote female self-awareness, help them understand, accept and love one’s body so the decision of “to wear or not to wear” is made by female individuals other than media, market ideology or patriarchy standards.

並列關鍵字

Breasts ； brassiere ； discipline ； female self-awareness

參考文獻

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