- 學位論文
短暫口腔健康教育介入對低年級學童牙齒保健行為成效:以台南市某國小為例
The Effectiveness of Short-term Oral Health Education Intervention on Dental Care Behavior Change among Low Grade Students: in a Tainan Elementary School
摘要
背景：據台灣兒童口腔衛生狀況調查顯示5歲兒童齲齒率高達79.3%。國小 階段是人格的養成期，年紀愈小對習慣更易於矯正。因此有必要發 展適合國小低年級學童的口腔健康教育課程。 目的：探討經由口腔健康教育課程介入，對低年級學童口腔知識、潔牙技 能及牙齒保健行為改變效果。 方法：使用準實驗研究設計，選擇台南市某公立小學實驗組與對照組各一 所，實驗組學校有89位學生，對照組學校有102位學生。實驗組選 擇低年級四個班級進行4週課堂教學，對照組同樣為四班。教學內容 包括第一週牙齒的重要功能(愛護牙齒)、第二週食物對牙齒的影響 (糖果牙齒繪本)、第三週口腔清潔的習慣(貝氏刷牙法介紹)、第四 週貝氏刷牙法回覆示教。使用前後測問卷了解學童口腔保健知識、 潔牙技能與口腔保健行為。最後使用t-test比較介入組與對照組在 口腔保健知識及信心前後測得分改變量之差異。使用Two-sample– test of proportions比較介入組與對照組學童口腔保健行為前後 測改變階段。 結果：口腔保健平均知識得分介入組3.37±1.71與對照組0.05±1.92達到 顯著性差異（P<.001）。口腔保健行為介入組在選用潔牙輔助工 具、刷牙時間3分鐘以上、每天潔牙3次(含以上)、3個月內更換牙 刷、貝氏刷牙方式、每次吃完東西會潔牙，皆與對照組達到顯著性 差異（P<0.05），尤其使用貝氏刷牙方式提高80.90%。然而，口腔 保健行為的自我效能得分介入組與對照組沒有顯著性差異。 結論：短暫口腔健康教育介入可以有效提升低年級學童口腔知識與口腔保 健行為；建議應繼續追蹤以了解學童衛教課程介入後之長期效應。
並列摘要
Background: Taiwanese children's oral health surveys show the rate of dental cavities in children under 5 years old is as high as 79.3%. It has been found that proper oral hygiene behavior is more easily taught and adopted by children at a younger age. Therefore, it is of utmost importance for primary schools to develop proper oral health education programs for their students. Objective: To investigate the efficacy of a four-week oral health education program covering dental knowledge, oral hygiene, and dental cleaning skills among lower grade primary students. Method: Using a quasi-experimental study design, two groups of students from two public elementary schools in Tainan City were selected: one experimental group and one control group. The experimental group consisted of 89 lower grade primary students and the control group consisted of 102 lower grade primary students. The experimental group underwent a 4-week oral health education program while the control group did not undergo the oral health education program. The oral health education program lesson topics included: important functions of the teeth (Dental Care), impact of food on the teeth (Candy Teeth Picture Book), oral hygiene habits (Bass Method was introduced), and the Bass Method (further explanation of Bass Method).Pre-test and post-test questionnaires were used to assess student’s oral health knowledge, dental cleaning skills, oral hygiene and behavior. The t-test analysis was used to compare the pre-test and post-test scores and confidence between the experimental group and the control group. Using two-sample t-test of proportions, pre-test and post-test scores of the experimental group and control group were compared and used to measure the level of oral health behavior change. Results: The average measurement of the difference between pre-test and post-test questionnaire scores of the oral health intervention group was 3.37 ± 1.71, while the average score of the control group was 0.05 ± 1.92, with a significant difference (P <0.001). Significant difference (P<0.05) between the experimental group and the control group was achieved in terms of selection of dental cleaning tools, brushing time (3 minutes), average number of times students clean teeth per day, frequency of replacing toothbrush (every 3 months), use of Bass method, and frequency of teeth cleaning following food consumption. In particular, the use of Bass method increased 80.90% in the intervention group compared to the control group. However, self- efficacy governing oral health behavior showed no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group. Conclusion: A 4-week, brief oral health education intervention can effectively improve a lower primary student’s oral health knowledge and behavior. The results of this study show the importance of the installation of oral health education programs within elementary schools. The results of the study further suggest significance of monitoring long-term effects of oral health education programs to study whether these programs can instill long-term oral health and hygiene improvements among children.