- 學位論文
高雄市國小學童家戶空氣中塵蟎過敏原濃度之探討
Airborne House Dust Mite Allergen in School Children’s House in Kaohsiung City
摘要
塵蟎為節肢動物，形態與蜘蛛類似，大小約300~500μm，適宜生長在高溫高濕的環境，其軀殼、排泄物、蟲卵、還有死掉的屍體，都會造成人類的過敏情形發生。而台灣則是屬於這種高溫高濕的環境，非常適合塵蟎生長，許多研究也發現，塵蟎過敏原會導致氣喘、過敏等呼吸道疾病的發生，且孩童相對於成人來說，為易感受族群，因此更值得加以重視。 本研究針對高雄市區60間國小學童家戶，先以問卷詢問孩童過敏情形，再採集其塵蟎過敏原Der p 1，利用兩種採樣方法，分別為：吸塵器蒐集灰塵樣本，以及濾紙蒐集空氣樣本。同時，量測學童肺功能參數值，與家戶內的塵蟎過敏原做比較。結果發現：客廳地板灰塵中的塵蟎過敏原濃度平均為42 ng/g，廚房地板為77 ng/g，臥室地板為159 ng/g，枕頭表面灰塵中為1581 ng/g，以及床鋪表面灰塵中的為3989 ng/g。客廳空氣樣本中的塵蟎過敏原平均濃度為0.01 ng/m3，臥室空氣樣本之平均濃度同樣也是0.01 ng/m3，但跳床時懸浮微粒的過敏原平均濃度則為37 ng/m3，為平時空氣中過敏原濃度的3700倍。以血液過敏原區分孩童是否對塵蟎過敏，發現有過敏孩童的枕頭表面及臥室空氣中的塵蟎過敏原濃度Der p 1，顯著高於非過敏孩童。臥室空氣中的塵蟎過敏原Der p 1，會顯著影響肺功能參數值FVC、FEV1、FEV3、PEF的下降。 本研究提供高雄市區國小學童家戶中的塵蟎過敏原濃度分布情形，以及顯示過敏學童家戶中的枕頭表面及臥室空氣中，塵蟎過敏原濃度有較高的趨勢，且塵蟎過敏原會顯著降低孩童的肺功能。未來應多加注意孩童其他過敏原的暴露情形，對於家長進行衛生教育訓練，從居家清潔做起，讓孩童免於過敏等呼吸道疾病的侵襲。
並列摘要
Mite is the Arthropods. The size is about 300~500μm. High temperature and relative humidity provides appropriate environmental conditions for house dust mite. The body, excrement, egg, and corpse may lead the hypersensitivity of people. The environmental condition in South Taiwan is very hot and wet, so the climate suit house dust mite to growth. Some references clearly show that the house dust mite allergen may lead the respiratory tract diseases. In addition, children are the sensitive population. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to evaluate the relation between mite in household dust and air and schoolchildren’s lung function. We collected questionnaires about children’s allergy situation. The house dust mites’ allergen – Der p 1 in both air and dust samples were collected by a vacuum cleaner for dust samples and filters for air samples, respectively. In addition, we measured children’s lung function. The average concentration of living room floor dust samples, kitchen floor dust samples, bedroom floor dust samples, pillow surface dust samples, and bed surface dust samples was 42 ng/g, 77 ng/g, 159 ng/g, 1581 ng/g, and 3989 ng/g, respectively. For air samples, the average concentration of living room and bedroom air samples was 0.01 ng/m3. For the concentration of jumping bed air samples, the average value was 37 ng/g, which was about 3700 times of ordinary level. To define children allergy condition according to the IgE level, we found that the Der p 1 concentration of pillow surface dust samples and bedroom air samples of allergic children was significantly higher than that of non-allergic children. The Der p 1 concentration of bedroom air samples was significantly decreased children’s lung function (FVC, FEV1, FEV3, PEF). In conclusion, our study provided the concentration distribution of house dust mite allergen in schoolchildren‘s house. We observed higher concentration of pillow surface dust samples and bedroom air samples of allergic children than that of nonallergic children. In addition, house dust mite allergen significantly decreased lung function of children.