- 學位論文
熱浸鍍鋅鋼捲製造勞工金屬暴露測定研究
Study on Worker’s Metal Exposure in Hot-Dip Galvanized Steel Roll Manufacturing Processes
摘要
熱浸鍍鋅是目前先進國家廣泛使用的鋼材防蝕技術，現今國內多數的鍍鋅鋼鐵廠也以熱浸鍍鋅為主。熱浸鍍鋅鋼鐵在製造過程中，融熔金屬會造成金屬燻煙，而燻煙中含鋅、鎳、鉛、鉻與錳等物質，作業勞工可能因長時間暴露而發生不良健康效應。有關熱浸鍍鋅鋼鐵作業勞工金屬物質暴露是否超過法定容許暴露濃度值，過去僅有少數的研究調查，需要進一步探討。本研究將針對熱浸鍍鋅鋼鐵作業勞工，實施金屬燻煙個人呼吸區帶樣本採樣測定、作業環境定點空氣採樣測定及收集尿液樣本。個人呼吸區帶空氣採樣以IOM採樣器配合25 mm MCE濾紙，作業環境定點區域採樣以開口濾紙匣配合37 mm MCE濾紙；尿液樣本於作業勞工工作時間內進行收集。對於所採集樣本，分別以原子吸收光譜儀(Varian AAS 220FS, Australia)使用火焰式或石墨爐式的原子化器(flame or graphite tube atomizer)，進行鋅、鎳、鉻、鉛和錳五種金屬物質測定。於暴露採樣實施同時，觀察紀錄現場作業的製程特徵、勞工作業狀況、環境特徵等資料，作為暴露評估模式探討。本研究分析出定點區域空氣本鋅、鎳、鉛、鉻與錳濃度平均值(±標準差)分別為5.36±2.74、0.10±0.06、0.25±0.12 、0.61±0.33與0.081±0.034mg/m3，而勞工配戴個人呼吸區帶空氣樣本分別依序為8.21±6.473、0.071±0.114、0.249±0.201、0.656±0.569與0.329±0.207 mg/m3，此平均暴露濃度均超過ACGIH所建議的職業暴露限值。而勞工尿液中金屬含量鉻平均濃度(±標準偏差)為11.397(±8.25) ?慊/dL，其值遠超過ACGIH所建議的鉛BEI職業暴露限值0.25?n?慊/dL，對於鎳與鋅金屬含量也遠超出一般非暴露族群。由此結果顯示，此熱浸鍍鋅鋼鐵廠製程作業勞工鋅、鎳、鉻、鉛和錳金屬燻煙暴露危害需要加以正視，有效的燻煙暴露控制措施應該予以採用。
並列摘要
Hot-dip galvanizing is the technique widely used for steel corrosion protection in developed countries. Currently a majority of steel roll manufacturing factories are using the technique in their manufacturing processes. Metal fume is produced from the molten metals in the manufacturing processes. The metal fume can have the elements or their oxides of zinc, nickel, lead, chromium, manganese etc. The workers in the workplace can have adverse health effects due to exposure to these metals. Few studies were conducted on the exploration of whether the workers of hot-dip galvanizing manufacturing processes were exposed to the exceeding levels of the permissible exposure limits of the metals. More studies are needed for this topic. In this study the workers in a hot-dip galvanized steel roll manufacturing factory were recruited for personal breathing-zone exposure measurements of metal fumes and urine sample collection. Area samples of metal fumes were also taken when the personal exposure measurements were conducted. Each personal exposure sample was taken by using an IOM with a 25 mm mixed cellulose ester (MCE) filter. The area sample was taken by using a cassette with a 37 mm MCE filter. Urine samples of the workers were collected during the work time of a normal 8-hour workday. The metal contents of zinc, nickel, chromium lead and manganese of the collected samples were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry (Varian AAS 220FS, Australia) with a flame or graphite tube atomizer. During the period of exposure sampling, the characteristics of manufacturing processes, work activity and environmental setting were observed and recorded for exposure assessment modeling. The mean (±standard deviation) concentrations of zinc, nickel, lead, chromium, and manganese measured by the area samples were 5.36±2.74, 0.10±0.06, 0.25±0.12, 0.61±0.33 and 0.081±0.034 mg/m3, respectively. The mean (±standard deviation) concentrations of zinc, nickel, lead, chromium, and manganese measured from the personal samples were 7.90±9.54、0.11±0.13、0.28±0.29、0.28±0.32 mg/m3 respectively. The results indicated that the workers’ exposure to the metals exceeded the threshold limit values suggested by the ACGIH. The mean (±standard deviation) concentrations of chromium in the urine samples were 11.397(±8.25) ?慊/dL which far exceeded the ACGIH’s biological exposure indices. Effective exposure control strategies are required to reduce the metal exposure of the workers in the manufacturing processes.