沖壓成形模具價格之計算與分析

中文摘要沖壓成品與模具的價格與品質存在著相對的關係，若成品與模具要有較佳的品質及可靠度，在模具工程分解、模具設計、模具鋼材的選用與製造加工方式則是重要關鍵。所以成品與模具價格也會相對的提高。模具價格的不透明，導致模具廠在接單時必須兢兢業業的詳細分析，否則不僅沒有獲利，甚至傷及成本。而發包單位亦因不瞭解模具廠的估價方式，就一直不斷表達價格太高或要求無償提升模具品質與壽命。進而造成部分模具廠無法生存而外移；發包單位亦得不到所要求的品質或花費更多在產品生產上。本研究是以標準化的模具設計與製程，讓模具製造商與發包單位有一共同且可接受的標準。模具廠可以快速且準確的預算模具成本，將模具廠的設計與製程標準化，避免發包單位的不合理殺價；發包單位可透過標準化的模具設計與製程可以快速掌握模具成本，確認產品品質水準，維持模具廠的合理利潤與減少產品過度設計造成的浪費。研究顯示如何將產品需求，利用產品精度與預估產量來做為模具基本架構的設計與材質的選擇。將模具的基本架構轉換為模具製作的標準製程，進而快速計算出模具成本，讓模具廠與發包單位有互信和討論的基礎，進而提升雙方利益。

關鍵字

沖壓加工；模具估價；成本函數；價格分析

並列摘要

Stamping die is associated with the tooling cost and quality. The tooling engineering, design, material selection and process methods are crucial to the quality and reliability of the finish goods as well as the tooling. Therefore, better liability is related to higher tooling and product cost. However, the interests of tooling purchasers and providers often clash with each other in reality during the process of negotiation between the tooling providers and the purchasers; besides the design concepts and engineering requirements, the tooling cost has always been the point of conflicts for the two parties. The in transparency of tooling cost often results in potential risks of money loss if detailed production cost analysis is not conducted. Whilst the purchasers may not realize tooling providers’ cost structure and consistently troubled by the production cost or demands acquisition of higher tooling and prolonged tooling lifespan without relevant compensations. These factors consequently lead to tooling providers’ migrations, yet the purchaser could not receive the required tooling quality and face raising production cost. The purpose of this research is to standardize tooling design and the manufacturing process, in terms of providing a universal standard accepted by both tooling manufacturers and purchasers. Base on this model, tooling manufacturers can predict precise tooling cost in a speedy manner while using standardized design and molding process to avoid irrational price demands from the purchasers. On the other hand, purchasers could have better understanding of tooling quality through standardized tooling design and process, for reserving manufacturers’ sufficient profits and reduce wastes caused by over-designing. The result of the research shown how to use finish goods’ quality and production volume as the references for tooling design and material selection; then translate the basic structure of tooling into molding manufacturing process, hence calculate the production cost. The research result will be served as the benchmark between the manufacturers and purchasers and enhance mutual communication and trust, which is beneficial for both parties in the long term.