台灣原住民族群認同之研究─以邵族為例

本研究試圖了解現階段邵族的族群認同，在歷經清朝、日殖時期、國民政府統治和台灣民主化的形塑下，邵族人自身的族群認同建構和政府的原住民族認定有何落差，此外，強勢的漢文化與人口外移對於邵族文化認同傳承有何影響。本文的研究方法採用文獻分析法以及深度訪談法。深度訪談是以日月潭伊達邵地區的邵族原住民為主，但研究限制是受訪者的意願不高，筆者為突破此一限制做過多次的嘗試與努力，才有機會獲取珍貴的一手資料。研究結果顯示，政治和法律雖可界定原住民族的身分，但族群認同的建構卻不只是靠原民身分相關法規就可以架構出來。倘若忽略了血緣關係和原民傳統文化的交織，這對建立與鞏固原民族群認同的助益仍舊有限。從原生論的觀點來探討，邵族人認為天生是邵族人就是邵族人，流傳著邵族人的血液，不會因其他因素而改變。這些血緣、語言、宗教、風俗習慣，讓邵族群體獲得了原生的情感聯繫，而成為邵族人！若從建構論的觀點來探討，邵族雖接受法規上開放母系的認定，但對於族群的認同尚有其說法，至於現階段認同主要的問題還是在文化傳承斷層跟人口外移這兩部分。政府對原住民族自治政策依舊相當的保守，以邵族為例，他們要求的伊達邵自治區，是一個文化傳承的基地，一個屬於邵族人自己的天地。邵族人認為日月潭是祖先找到的地方，他們期望在此建立自治區。目前，日月潭區不易留住原住民人口，因為他們為了解決經濟問題而外移尋找機會，然而爭取原民空間與文化傳承的在地運動仍將持續，這是政府必須正視與尊重的原民心聲。

關鍵字

台灣原住民；邵族；認同；認定；文化傳承

並列摘要

This study researched the current indigenous ethnic identity of Thao. Under the domination of Qing Dynasty, the Japanese colonial rule, the KMT control and Taiwan's democratic transformation, the author wanted to find out the differences between ethnic identity construction of Thao itself and the officially recognized Thao by the ROC government. In addition, the thesis explored both of the influences of Han culture and the spatial relocation of Thao on its cultural identity. Research methods included documentary analysis and in-depth interview. Ita Thao people in Sun Moon Lake area were main interviewees, but a major difficulty was the unwillingness to be interviewed. To overcome this obstacle, the author tried again and again to enter the field. Finally, the author has collected the first-hand data of Thao people. Research results showed that although the ethnic classification system can be defined by the government, but the formation of ethnic identity did not only rely on the relevant laws and regulations. If the interwove kinship and traditional culture of indigenous people has been ignored, the establishment and consolidation of the indigenous ethnic identity was still restricted. In terms of primordialism, Thao people thought that Thao were born with Thao’s blood. The blood tie, language, religion, and customs linked Thao people with emotional connection, and it turned those people into Thao people! From social constructivism, although Thao people accept maternal descent, they still have their internal ethnic classification. The main identity problems at this stage are cultural fault and the emigration of Thao. Taiwan official is still very conservative toward indigenous self-government policy. Taking Thao as an example, they asked for Ita Thao: the autonomous region of the indigenous peoples. It would be a place for Thao’s cultural heritage. A place belongs to Thao people. Thao people thought that Sun Moon Lake was a place found by their ancestor. They expect to set up an autonomous region in this area. Currently, the Sun Moon Lake area is not easy to keep indigenous people because they have to move out to seek for better economic opportunities. However, the local movement for the indigenous self-government space and cultural heritage will be continued. This is the internal voice of Thao people which should be respected by the official.