受暴婦女聲請及使用「未成年子女會面交往服務」歷程經驗之探究

本研究目的：從受暴婦女聲請通常保護令－未成年子女會面交往聲請及執行過程裡，探究其聲請會面交往服務因素，及偕同子女接受服務的感受與經驗。盼望深入發現受暴婦女聲請未成年子女會面交往服務前後考量因素及轉折；瞭解受暴婦女偕同未成年子女接受會面交往服務歷程經驗；確認受暴婦女偕同未成年子女接受會面交往服務歷程的影響；理解受暴婦女對於會面交往服務相關政策及方案期待，最終回饋受暴婦女聲請、執行會面交往款項之主觀經驗至實務面及政策面。文獻爬梳首要瞭解國內外未成年子女會面交往相關法令規定；第二節透過國內外未成年子女會面交往服務介紹，知曉會面服務推行現況；最後著重受暴婦女偕同子女聲請會面交往服務考量、整理婦女與孩子接受會面交往服務可能經驗與影響。研究設計採取質性研究方法，透過選樣標準深度訪談六名受訪者，分別為受暴婦女及會面交往服務社工員各三名，並針對訪談結果進行分析。以下為本研究之研究發現與討論：一、婦女對會面服務的聲請有著諸多轉折，不純粹如婦女所述「願意聲請」，通常是婦女考量到會面交往服務聲請，為自己和孩子帶來利益、權利和權力，不得不做出的「最好」決定。二、孩子在會面交往服務歷程裡，容易成為沒有聲音的孩子，且重新經驗過往目睹暴力或受虐陰影的恐懼，並因父母對對方的離間出現父母離間症候群，甚至成為父母拉攏結盟和權力控制的工具。三、婦女在服務歷程裡，不只與過去受暴經驗重遇，在三角關係裡受盡折磨、不舒服和恐懼失去孩子的害怕，亦在過程裡再遭遇被權力控制和親子教養觀念衝突，最後，使得婦女對社工專業及法律政策有著諸多質疑。四、相對人會延續過往權力控制婦女的習慣，在服務歷程裡展現，且需面對自身在親子互動上的窘境：研究訪談亦整理出會面交往服務社工，最常對婦女及相對人使用禁止的訊息，就雙方不適當的親子教養觀念，提供建議。五、服務結束之際，婦女對會面交往服務的期待，包含：會面交往相關法律政策應更落實被害人權益，會面服務推行應借重網絡合作資源，作專業評估與處遇。就研究發現予以建議：未成年子女政策及實務方案，建議從兒童及少年福利與權益保障法出發，重新修正會面交往服務相關政策；修訂落實未成年子女會面交往交付設置辦法及程序處理，設立基本服務流程；就未成年子女會面交往服務社工人員專業知能之具備予以建議；訂定方案於社會福利績效考核評分項目，提高配分比例。未來研究方向，增加相對人、孩子主觀經驗研究；針對社工於會面交往服務處遇及倫理兩難研究，以及未成年子女會面交往服務成為家庭暴力防治平台或網絡合作中心研究之建議。

關鍵字

受暴婦女；保護令；未成年子女會面交往服務；父母離間症候群

並列摘要

The purposes of this study are to understand the causes of battered women who filed supervised visitation protection orders, and the experience of them went through this visitation service with their minor children. This study aims to find the considerations that battered women claim the Supervised Visitation Services before and after, and the minor children’s experience of Supervised Visitation service; understand the impacts of the battered women to accepting this service. Finally, this study would provide suggestions based on research results to policies and program modifications. In the literature reviews, section I is understanding the laws and regulations of the minor children at home and abroad to supervised visitation services; Section II is the introduction of the minor children at home and abroad to supervised visitation service, then known to supervised visitation service implementation of the current situation; last section is focus on battered women accompanied by children claim to supervised visitation service considerations, and women and children’s experience and influence. The research adopted qualitative research methods, through the sample standard, to interview six respondents, three battered women who claimed the supervised visitation services, and three social workers. The following are research findings and discussion: First, women had many considerations about filing supervised visitation protection order, not like they said “willing to file”. Usually, they will consider the benefits, rights, and power of visitation, then they made the best decisions. Secondly, children will be easily ignored by parents and social workers. They cannot express their opinions, and may re-experience the fear of witnessed violence and be abused. Moreover, children may have the parental alienation syndrome, and become the tool of the coalition and the power to control by parents. Thirdly, women in the visitation process are not only with past violence experience re-encountering, tortured in the triangulation, discomfort and fear of the fear of losing a child, but also in the process suffered power control and the concept of parent-child rearing conflict, and finally, making women a lot of questioning of the social work profession and legal policy. Fifthly, in the end of service, the expectations of women about the supervised visitation services, including to modify the related law and policies in order to protect victim’s rights, and to cooperate with networks’ resources which can assist social workers’ assessments and interventions. Fourthly, the perpetrators used to use the power to control women in the visitation process, and were also embarrassed by the bad interaction with their children. This study found out that social workers often used prohibited message to protect children’s interests, and provided parents the good parenting concepts. This study have some suggestions for policies and practice fields, including the supervised visitation service should be modified and based on the Child and Youth Welfare a Act; making the supervised visitation regulation and standard protocols; enhancing the social workers’ competency to implement such service; and to set evaluation categories and add the weights in nation-wide welfare performance evaluation program. The future study should be explored the experience of perpetrators and children, do research on social workers’ intervention and ethical issues of supervised visitation service, discuss making the visitation service as a center for community coordinated networks.