探視父母使用未成年子女會面交往服務之親子關係維繫經驗

Maintaining Parent-child Relationships: Noncustodial Parents' Experience in Using Supervised Visitation Services

邱憶晨(YI-CHEN CHIU)

指導教授 ： 孫世維

國立臺北大學/社會科學學院/社會工作學系/碩士(2016年)

摘要

未成年子女會面交往服務係針對家庭暴力、高衝突等父母且有親情維繫需求之家庭，提供安全且維繫親子關係之服務。國內少有探討未成年子女會面交往服務之文獻，其中，父母與孩子的三角關係、權力控制等議題亦缺乏探索。因此本研究以未成年子女會面交往服務為背景，探視父母作為研究對象，從中了解探視父母使用服務的親子關係維繫經驗及阻礙，同時亦探討未成年子女會面交往服務之角色與功能。

本研究以半結構式訪談法蒐集資料，結合紮根理論之分析方法，有系統地將資料分類與歸納。本研究共訪談五位探視父母，分別為4名父親與1名母親，親子組合分別有父子、父女及母子，接受服務最長時間為7年、最短半年。子女年齡介於7至9歲。研究者依據五位探視父母在會面服務中的探視寫照及親職樣貌，將其分別稱之為小時爸、真實爸、詰聚爸、印象媽、堅持爸。

研究發現同住父母的不信任與探視受阻延續至會面服務中，此時，探視父母與孩子過往緊密的關係、個性與社工人員的引導便成孩子適應會面服務的要素。維繫親子關係的阻礙來自同住父母的操控、態度及子女的忠誠兩難，孩子則展現拒絕互動、防衛或改變原有個性以自我保護。面對種種挑戰，探視父母仍在有限的時間發揮其親職功能，將挫折化為復原力。會面服務維繫可能中斷的親子關係並阻擋衝突再度發生，搭起父母雙方的溝通橋樑。然而，對探視父母來說依舊存在許多限制，多數選擇接受並調整親職角色。

探視父母的經驗讓我們重新省思社工角色須強化其專業能力與專業網絡的合作，維護安全的前提下，孩子與探視父母被忽略的聲音也應該被聽見。會面服務普及性、延續性以及實踐合作父母的目標更應拓展至離婚程序中，多面向實踐子女最佳利益。

關鍵字

探視父母 ； 同住父母 ； 未成年子女會面交往服務 ； 維繫親子關係

並列摘要

Supervised visitation services help foster a positive and supportive parent-child relationship for domestic-violence and high-conflict families. Few studies have addressed this issue and topics such as parent-child triangulation and power control are rarely discussed. In view of this, this study conducts a research on supervised visitation with noncustodial parents selected as research objects. The study aims to explore experiences and obstacles of the parents accepting supervised visitation services and examines the role and function of the services.

The study uses semi-structured interview and ground theory to collect and analyze data. Five noncustodial parents, four fathers and one mother with children aged 7-9 years, are interviewed and parent-child relationships include father and son, father and daughter and mother and son. Among them, the longest time of accepting supervised visitation services is 7 years while half a year is the shortest. Based on visitation observation and parenting role, each interviewee is called Father Xiao-shi, Father Zhen-shi, Father Jie-ju, Mother Yin-xiang and Father Jian-chi.

The study finds distrust and visitation resistance of custodial parents affect the services of supervised visitation and that child’s adaptation to the services would rely on factors including close relationship with noncustodial parents, personality and social worker’s introduction. The obstacles to maintaining parent-child relationship are manipulation and attitude of the custodial parents and child’s loyalty while children would protect themselves by refusing to exchange with parents, defending themselves or changing their own personality. Facing many challenges, noncustodial parents still turn obstacles into opportunities and provide positive parenting in limited time. As a bridge between noncustodial and custodial parents, supervised visitation services help strengthen fragile parent-child relationship and avoid conflict from happening again. Though it still places many limits to noncustodial parents, many choose to accept the services and adjust their parenting roles.

From experiences of noncustodial parents, it is important to strengthen social worker’s professional skills and their cooperation with professional network. The voice of children and noncustodial parents should also be heard under safe conditions. It is concluded that the ubiquity and continuity of supervised visitation services and the goal of improved relationship between noncustodial and custodial parents should be taken into consideration in divorce proceedings to promote the greatest well-being and interests of children.

並列關鍵字

Noncustodial parents ； Custodial parents ； Supervised visitation services ； Maintaining parent-child relationships

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