- 學位論文
官僚病態認知與官僚社會化－Q方法論之個案研究
Cognition of Bureaupathologies and Bureaucratization－ Q Methodological Single Case Study
摘要
官僚病態究竟為何？所謂的官僚病態究竟是官僚系統發生了「不正常」的現象，或者只是因為我們選擇了以某種價值或標準去界定出何謂官僚病態？官僚社會化又究竟是如何發生？當初任官僚進入了官僚系統後，將以官僚系統為個體之環境，並單向地被官僚文化所官僚化，還是與官僚系統互相為對方的環境，彼此之間存有結構耦合，各自依自己的運作邏輯而運作？為實際瞭解身處於官僚體系之中的公務人員可能如何看待各種官僚病態現象，以及是否真具有官僚社會化之現象，本研究以一名初任公務人員為例，藉由 Q 方法論進行個案研究，從該名公務人員正式成為公務人員開始進行為期一年的研究。本研究設計三個時間階段並以各種問題情境令受訪者針對各 種官僚病態語句進行 Q 排列，將受訪者的 Q 排列結果以 PQMethod 軟體進行分析，試著瞭解在不同時期時，其對於官僚病態會具有哪些認知類型，並且觀察其認知與態度是否發生變化。 本研究證實個體在同一時期中，在不同的問題情境下對於特定事物會具有多樣化的認知類型，也藉此以及受訪者認知變化的結果中，證實了官僚社會化之現象確實存在。本研究發現，個體在進入官僚體系之前，對於官僚病態除了具有個人獨特的主觀認知態度外，可能也會具有一種因過去社會化所形成的一般性認知，而這些都會隨著任職時間增加因官僚社會化而逐漸地產生變化；但即便官僚社會化之影響確實存在，個體仍會保有一些固有的認知模式，而非全然地受外在環境影響而改變。最後，本文將以此個案所得之發現，對於官僚社會化以及公共行政管理之學術與實務上可能產生的影響進行省思，並除針對本文之研究發現外，也對於 Q 方法論之應用提出相關後續之研究建議。
並列摘要
What does bureaucrapathologies mean? It might mean that bad behaviors occurred in the bureaucratic system. On the other hand, it might just be a result which someone subjectively selects bias standard to define a bureaucratic phenomenon. Furthermore, how does bureaucratic socialization occur, and how does this socialization shape the cognition of a newly recruited bureaucrat? This research also attempts to observe how a newly recruited bureaucrat`s cognition of bureaupathologies changes, and examine whether bureaucratic socialization occurs in the bureaucratic system. Therefore, this research utilizes Q methodology to conduct a single case study on a newly recruited public servant. During a period of one year, the participant was instructed to conduct Q-sort based on different condition of instructions at three different points of time. This study intends to understand participant`s different patterns of cognition toward bureaupathologies, and changes of cognition occurred in a period of one year, by using PQMethod to analyze Q-sorts. This study finds different patterns of cognition based on different condition of instructions, and at three different points of time. In addition, it also proves that bureaucratic socialization does exist. It further finds that Individual`s cognition is shaped by the environment and his or her prior perception on the bureaucratic socialization phenomenon. We can observe that both of the bureaucratic socialization and prior perception have impact on the newly recruited bureaucrat`s cognition. At the end, the findings of this study were reflected to provide insights for developing public administration theories and practices, as well as Q methodology applications.