- 學位論文
台灣因應京都議定書的發展與挑戰－全球化下國家環境保護政策的調適
Impact of Kyoto-Protocol on Taiwan’s Environmental Protection Policy
摘要
目前所掌握科學證據大多顯示，氣候變遷造成全球暖化，主要來自人類行為，如工業生產過程中，排放溫室氣體所造成的。聯合國爲約束會員國，於1992年通過了「聯合國氣候變化綱要公約」，並於1997年通過具有法律效力的「京都議定書」，要求簽署之締約國，提出具體之減碳時程。美國拒絕簽署並堅持認為發展中國家，也應該承擔減排和限排溫室氣體的義務。 本研究範圍以18世紀末工業排放溫室氣體、1900年全球暖化證據，一路發展到1997年京都議定書發展至今。以環境主義、環境議題與國際環境法規範，研究國際環境法及京都議定書，探討對於國家法律效力及約束力。並以全球化與全球治理理論，研究全球化全球治理下公共行政發展，探討國家公共政策之規劃。透過研究論述我國環境保護政策，以及因應京都議定書發展與挑戰。 經由本次研究進一步發現，京都議定書原希望具有強制力約束締約國，但事實上仍無法有效規範，未來國際環境法應有改善空間。其次，二氧化碳排放量快速增加，是近三十年來經濟發展下的產物。我國還是一個新興工業國家，應該與先進的工業化國家有所區別，避免影響我國之經濟發展。其他如能源問題、新興國家80﹪溫室氣體未納入減量目標等，這些都值得繼續深入研究及探討。
並列摘要
The scientific evidence shows that climate change caused by global warming, mainly from human behavior, such as industrial production process, the emission of greenhouse gases. The United Nations adopted “United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change” to restrain the members, and passed “Kyoto-Protocol” to force the State party to put forward a specific timetable for the reduction of carbon. The United States refused to sign and insisted that developing countries should bear the obligations. The research scope of this study was from the late 18th century industrial emissions of greenhouse gases, evidence of global warming in 1900, all the way to the development of the “Kyoto-Protocol” in 1997. Under the norms of environmental issues and international environment laws, the study explored the binding force of international environment and “Kyoto-Protocol” to the countries. The study wanted to know the public policy planning and public administration development of nations under globalization and global governance theory, and summarize the environmental protection policies and impact of Kyoto-Protocol on Taiwan’s environmental protection policies. The study further found that the Kyoto-Protocol had hoped to have a binding force to the State party, but still unable to effectively regulate, so the international environmental law should be room for improvement in the future. Then, the rapid increase in carbon dioxide emissions is the result of economic development in the nearly three decades. Taiwan is a newly industrialized country, it should be different from the advanced industrialized countries to avoid disrupting the economic development of our country. Other issues such as energy, 80 percent in emerging countries not included in greenhouse gas reduction are worth further exploring.