- 學位論文
有義務者遺棄罪及其排除適用事由
Desertion of Obligor on Criminal Law and Its Articles of Application by Elimination
摘要
本論文研究範圍在於討論刑法第294條第1項有義務者遺棄罪及第294-1條有義務者遺棄罪之排除適用事由，藉由有義務者遺棄罪之探討，特別是直系血親尊親屬間因民法規定所要求之扶養義務關係，及刑法第294-1條之立法過程，分析兩者立法目的之磨合與法目的達成之可能。 因此，第二章「論有義務者遺棄罪」，將從有義務遺棄罪之保護法益開展，就本條之目的、性質及構成要件，以及學說及實務之看法作討論，並特別討論有關民法中親子間扶養義務課與之目的與範圍。第三章「有義務者遺棄罪排除適用事由之立法歷程」，係對刑法第294-1條之立法過程，從催生本條立法之民意究竟何來，到法務部及立法院審議過程所贊同或質疑之聲音，作一完整性的介紹，並整理其中不同意見或爭議問題，加以比較分析。 由於修法後，對於依民法親屬篇對無自救力人負有扶助、養育或保護之行為人之消極不作為行為，設有排除有義務者遺棄罪適用之事由。在第四章「論有義務者遺棄罪之排除適用事由」中，係以刑法第294-1條規定為核心，介紹其立法理由並討論其法性質及其構成要件。為探究其法律性質究何所屬，本文將從阻卻構成要件該當性、阻卻違法性、阻卻有責性、客觀處罰條件及個人排除或解除刑罰事由之理論基礎著手，藉由介紹以上理論之法理，進而推論本條性質是否有符合之可能，並提出本文見解。在第四章末，將就刑法第294-1條遺棄罪各款排除事由之構成要件，作一介紹與分析，並對照立法理由，討論各款理論之根據，是否能達到立法目的。最後，再次檢視以上介紹內容及推論過程，並據以作出結論。
並列摘要
This thesis researched on desertion of obligor and its articles of elimination. By the way of discussing with desertion of obligor and the legislative process of articles 294-1, the research analyzed the relationship between article 294 and 294-1 on criminal law. Therefore, the thesis started from the legislative goal of obligatory desertion, then discussed with its kind and elements－particular in the duty of support between parents and child on civil law. In chapter 3, the thesis introduced the background of legislation and different drafts about article 294-1 on criminal law, then, analyzed those different opinions and controversial issues. After amending the criminal law in 2010, for negative desertion behavior, the obligor who has a support obligation from civil law can eliminate the application of desertion. In chapter 4, this thesis discussed the nature of article 294-1 on criminal law, started from basis of theories, and then inferred every kind of possibilities. Finally, according to discussion above, this thesis gave personal opinions as a conclusion.